Primary Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
family Picornaviridae and the genus Hepatovirus
HAV
Hepadnaviridae
HBV
complete HBV that causes infection
Dane particle
“non-A, non-B” hepatitis
HCV
Flaviviridae (Hepacivirus)
HCV
HGV
Unclassified, single-stranded RNA virus
HDV
contains RNA and has an envelope
HGV
fecal-oral route
HAV
HEV
frequentlyseen in epidemics in areas with poor sanitation
HAV
rawshellfish from contaminated water
HAV
parenteral routes
HBV
HCV
HDV
HGV
sexual contact
HBV
HCV
HGV
intravenous drug use
HBV
HDV
transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products
contactwith blood
HBV
HCV
HGV
cutaneous or mucous membrane exposure
needlestick injuries
splashes in the eyes, nose, or mouth
HBV
the majority of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis cases
HCV
hemophiliacs
HDV
can only occur in the presence of Hepatitis B
HDV
causes sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Africa, and Mexico
HEV
Average Incubation Period
28 days
2 to 3 months
7 to 8 weeks
HAV
HBV
HCV
maybe acute, chronic, or fulminant
HBV
the patient may be a chronic asymptomatic carrier
HBV
Symptoms:
similar to those seen in HAV infections
jaundice may or may not be present
HBV
HEV
HCV
Approximately 95% of all cases are acute
hepatitis B
can be complicated by irculating HBV antigen-antibody complexes, which can cause polyarteritis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis, ancreatitis, or cryoglobulinemia
Acute HBV infections
can progress to cirrhosis, which may later progress to hepatocellular carcinoma
Chronic HBV infections
almostalways acute and self-limiting
HAV
nocarrier state
HAV
Symptoms:
vague
relatively nonspecific
fatigue, malaise, and anorexia
jaundice may be present
most patients are anicteric
HAV
Many cases are subclinical, especially those in children
HAV
Symptoms:
similar to those seen in HAV and HBV infections
HCV
Approximately 50% of patients are chronic carriers
HCV
Approximately 20% of these patients develop cirrhosis, and approximately 20% of those patients eventually develop hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV
associated with immune complex glomerulonephritis
HCV
Infection with the two viruses occur simultaneously, as a coinfection or sequentially as a superinfection in chronic HBV carriers
HDV
occurs when an individual acquires both HDV and HBV at the same time
Coinfection
when a patient with an HBV infection is exposed to HDV
Superinfectionis
acute, self-limiting hepatitis without progression to a chronic carrier state; no chronic infection; not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
HEV
Relatedto a high rate of mortality in pregnant women
HEV
relatively common worldwide, but is believed to be nonpathogenic
HGV
↑ alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
HAV
HBV
HCV
↑ total bilirubin
HAV
Liver function test
HAV
ALT levels peak approximately the same time symptoms appear
HBV
Household and sexual contacts of infected persons should receive immune globulin injections within 2 weeks of exposure
HAV
A recently developed vaccine is now available
HAV
Avoidanceof high-risk behavior
-intravenous drug abuse
-sexual contact with infected persons
HBV
A developed vaccine has been available since 1982
HBV
In a health care setting, the ff. can greatly reduce the risk of occupationally acquired HBV
HBV vaccination
use of universal precaution
theHBV vaccine also protects against
HDV infection
No vaccine currently exists
HCV
small, RNA-containing picornavirus and the only hepatitis virus that has been successfully grown in culture
HAV
simple nonenveloped
HAV
nucleocapsid designated as the hepatitis A (HA) antigen (HA Ag)
HAV
