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Immunology and Serology [LAB] > Laboratory Activity 1 – Instrumentation in Serology > Flashcards

Laboratory Activity 1 – Instrumentation in Serology Flashcards

1
Q

coated

A

Solid Phase

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1
Q

coated

A

Solid Phase

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2
Q

uncoated

A

Liquid Phase

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3
Q

Containers of blood, serum, and plasma samples

A

Ordinary Test Tubes

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4
Q

Used to contain reactions (transparent)

A

Ordinary Test Tubes

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5
Q

For observing BOTH agglutination & hemolysis

A

Ordinary Test Tubes

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6
Q

(clotting of different cells)

A

agglutination

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7
Q

(test tube is used instead of glass slides)

A

hemolysis

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8
Q

For preparing red cell suspension (RCS)

A

Graduated Centrifuge Tube

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9
Q

solution containing rbc antigens

A

red cell suspension (RCS)

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10
Q

Isotonic solution with RBC antigens (will not cause alterations to red cells)

A

RED CELL SUSPENSION

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11
Q

Intact RBC

A

Isotonic solution with RBC antigens

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12
Q

Normal saline solution (NSS) concentration

A

0.85% to 0.90% NaCl in H2O

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13
Q

for optimum binding of antibody to antigen

A

2 – 5% concentration of NSS

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14
Q

Prepare a solution containing RBC only:

A
  1. Whole blood (RBC w/ Antigens and plasma proteins)
  2. NSS
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15
Q

Number of times NSS is used to wash out plasma proteins

A

(3x)

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16
Q

source of RBC antigen

A

RED CELLS

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17
Q

Used to dispense pre-determined volumes of solutions (large or small volumes)

A

Serological Pipette

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18
Q

Serological Pipette Parts

A
  1. Tip 2. Stem 3. Mouth
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19
Q

Steps: Serological Pipette

A

o Aspirate a volume of liquid.
o Enclose the mouth using the nondominant finger.
o Wipe the sides.
o Calibrate to zero.
o Dispense to a container.

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20
Q

DO NOT calibrate using the

A

dominant hand and thumb.

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21
Q

 Controls the volume of solutions

A

Aspirators

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22
Q

Can dispense volumes in microliters

A

Micropipette

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23
Q

o Aspirate the 1st stop
o Dispense the 2nd stop

A

 Forward pipetting

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24
Q

o Aspirate the 2nd stop.
o Dispense the 1st stop.

A

 Reverse pipetting (for viscous solutions)

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25
Q

*plasma and serum – not viscous

A

Forward pipetting

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26
Q

 Both Dispenses small volume of solutions

A

Single and Multiple Channel Automatic pipette

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27
Q

 Can dispense solution per drops

A

Pasteur pipette
Disposable dispensers

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28
Q

 With graduations (volumes indicated)
 Should be calibrated

A

Disposable dispensers

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29
Q

Free-felling; vertical solutions

A

 Droppers

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30
Q

accumulation of antibody = problematic concentration

A

Slanted Droppers

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31
Q

o To make sure that there are no excess antibodies introduced into the tubes

A

Free-felling; vertical

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32
Q

 Found in test kits

A

Stirrer

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33
Q

 Both for pipetting and stirring

A

Stirrer

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34
Q

 Flat end and tubing

A

Stirrer

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35
Q

Can be used for aspirating small volumes of serum/plasma/blood

A

Tubing

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36
Q

o Used for mixing and stirring the contents

A

Flat end

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37
Q

has interaction with the needle portion of the pump

A

 Nozzle

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38
Q

for puncturing

A

 Tip

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39
Q

used for blood-sampling

A

 Shaft and bevel

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40
Q

large samples; Blood donation and blood banking

A
  1. Blood collection
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41
Q

small samples

A
  1. Blood sampling
42
Q

Open or closed system

A

Hypodermic syringe and needle

43
Q

 Blood sampling ONLY*
 Open system ONLY

A

Blunt Tip Needle

44
Q

o Not used for collecting multiple samples
o Single collection

A

Open system ONLY

45
Q

No bevel that helps in the proper insertion of needle to the vein

A

Blunt Tip Needle

46
Q

 For dispensing appropriate or calibrated volume of liquids in drops

A

Blunt Tip Needle

47
Q

 Not used for blood collection

A

Blunt Tip Needle

48
Q

 Same w/ droppers: Free-felling; vertical solutions

A

Blunt Tip Needle

49
Q

 Used for collecting multiple samples

A

Evacuated tube system

50
Q

to avoid contamination of or carry-over of samples by following order of draw

A

 Closed system

51
Q

 A brand  Large

A

Kline Agglutination Slide

52
Q

indicates the max. level of correct mixture

A

 Circles in KAS

53
Q

Has Different colors – to provide contrast

A

Kline Agglutination Slide

54
Q

– utilizes white bg

A

o Charcoal: black

55
Q

o For better evaluation

A

Different colors – to provide contrast

56
Q

 For viewing and evaluating agglutination reactions w/ application of contrast

A

Kline Agglutination Slide

57
Q

indicating presence or absence of agglutination

A

 Qualitative

58
Q

determining the titer (concentration of antibodies)

A

 Titration

59
Q

with depression – to avoid escape of mixtures; to avoid contamination of other wells

A

Ceramic-ringed slide

60
Q

 also used for viewing agglutination rx

A

Ceramic-ringed slide

61
Q

– agglutination

62
Q

– agglutination & hemolysis

A

o Test tubes

63
Q

o Microtiter plate –

A

agglutination

64
Q

BOTH agglutination & hemolysis

A

Ordinary Test Tubes

65
Q

agglutination ONLY

A

Kline Agglutination Slide
Ceramic-ringed slide
Microtiter plate
Six-cell Agglutination Slide
Plastic Card Slide
Microscope

66
Q

disposable

A

Plastic Card Slide

67
Q

 1 container has 6 wells

A

Microtiter plate

68
Q

 Can contain small volumes of solutions to determine antibody concentration to look for other agglutination rx

A

Microtiter plate

69
Q

 1 aspiration only

A

Microtiter plate

70
Q

 Used by automated machines

A

Microtiter plate

71
Q

– solid phase testing

72
Q

– container only; no rgt/antibody/antigen attached

A
  1. Unopened/closed
73
Q

 Serologic rx – visible to naked eye

A

Microscope

74
Q

 Used for evaluating agglutination rx using LPO

A

Microscope

75
Q

 For checking possible microscopic rx

A

Microscope

76
Q

 For viewing microtiter plate

A

Inverted Microscope

77
Q

 For finding compatible organ donor

A

Inverted Microscope

78
Q

o Top: light source
o Bottom: objectives

A

Inverted Microscope

79
Q

 Antibodies(ABs) – sensitive to temperatures

A

Water bath

80
Q

o Reacts with enhanced temp

A

Antibodies(ABs)

81
Q

↑temp

82
Q

– warm-reacting at 37C (to enhance rx of ABs) in test tube

83
Q

– does not react (cold AB)

84
Q

 Used for distinguishing cold vs. warm AB

A

Water bath

85
Q

– interfere w/ testing results

A

Complement components/proteins

86
Q

o Exposed to high temp = (loses chain and becomes non-functional)

A

HEAT DENATURATION

87
Q

to heat inactivate proteins

A

o >55C = 56C

88
Q

– to activate complement proteins

A

o Heat-inactivated serum

89
Q

o Use of metallic plate
o Alternative: hot plate

A

Water contamination

90
Q

 Allows attraction of AB to AG

A

Mechanical rotator

91
Q

Mechanical rotator Movement:

92
Q

 Slides are used to enhance binding of AB to AG

A

Mechanical rotator

93
Q

(as container of whole AB and AG can be utilized manually at exactly [?])

94
Q

 Application of force to allow binding/movement of AB to AG

A. Using slides
B. Using Test tubes

A

A. Mechanical rotator
B. Microtiter plate agitator

95
Q

 Application of titration to allow mixture of contents

A

Microtiter plate agitator

97
Q

to enhance binding of AB to AG

A. Slides - 1
B. Test tube - 2

A

A. Mechanical rotator
B. Microtiter plate agitator
B. Clinical centrifuge

98
Q

 Enhances binding of AB to AG using test tubes

A

Clinical centrifuge

99
Q

 CC: for sample prep (plasma, serum)
 IS: for enhancing agglutination rx

A

Clinical centrifuge

100
Q

 Test tubes as containers of samples/rgts for enhancing binding/movement of AB to AG

A

Clinical centrifuge

101
Q

 Used for preparation of RCS (washing)

A

Clinical centrifuge

102
Q

 Avoid contaminants

A

Hot-air sterilizer
Autoclave

103
Q

Uses:
o For sterilizing equipment (heat under pressure)
o For treatment of metal plates

Immunology and Serology [LAB] (16 decks)

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