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Immunology and Serology [LAB] > 3A, 3B > Flashcards

3A, 3B Flashcards

1
Q

 Only part of an organism (binds)

A

ANTIGEN

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2
Q

 Self- or Non-self

o Presence and absence in the host

A

ANTIGEN

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3
Q

 Pathogenic or Non-pathogenic

o Exposure to pathogen = INFECTION
o ALLERGIC RX ≠ INFECTION

A

ANTIGEN

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4
Q

 Primary function: To bind Ags

A

ANTIGEN

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5
Q

 AB-generator [both binds (antigenic) to and forms (immunogenic) AB]

A

ANTIGEN

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6
Q

AG binds to AB

A

Antigenicity

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7
Q

causes AB formation

A

Immunogenicity

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8
Q

Antigenic determinants

o Foreign proteins
o Viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi

A

Epitope

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9
Q

 Responsible for doing the two basic properties of an AG .

 Very small (4 to 5 polysaccharide units)

A

Epitope

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10
Q

 An AB is created against this epitope but not to the entire microorganism

A

Paratope

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11
Q

Antibody determinants

A

Paratope

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12
Q

cause AB formation - substance

A

Immunogen

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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13
Q

 ↓MW (IS doesn’t actually react)
 Partial AG

A

Hapten

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14
Q

↑MW – AB production
Complete AG

A

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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15
Q

o Can cause damage to the body due to ↑MW

A

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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16
Q

Carbohydrate and lipids (nonprotein)

A

Hapten

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17
Q

Protein (most complex biomolecule – heavy)

A

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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18
Q

With own epitopes

A

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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19
Q

Ex.: Albumin, polypeptide, globulin

A

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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20
Q

Ex.: Penicilin; Dinitrophenol

o Can bind to an available AB

A

Hapten

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21
Q

Glycoproteins

A

ANTIBODY or IMMUNOGLOBULI N (Ig)

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22
Q

Bind AGs; interacts with AG

A

ANTIBODY

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23
Q

– plasma cells

 AB + WBC (surface)

A

o B cells

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24
Q

– coating during phagocytosis

A

o Opsonins

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25
Q

Phagocytosis site

A

o Liver and spleen

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26
Q

Entry of water =

A

EXPLOSION/LYSIS

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27
Q

Extravascular destruction of cells

A

Phagocytosis

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28
Q

Intravascular destruction of cells

A

EXPLOSION/LYSIS

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29
Q

Surface

A

Complement

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30
Q

 Protein in nature  ↑MW  Immunogenic and antigenic

A

Carrier

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31
Q

 Nonprotein in nature  ↓MW  Antigenic

A

Hapten

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32
Q

(complete AG on its own)

33
Q

(incomplete AG)

34
Q

Carrier + Hapten

A

Complete Antigen

35
Q

 Immunogenecity + Antigenecity

 Can bind to AB
 Can cause AB formation

A

Complete Antigen

ANTIGEN

36
Q

 Ex. Complete Antigen

(heavy; both immunigenic and antigenic)

A

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

37
Q

 Addition of a carrier mol (dinitrophenol + penicilin) → (artificial addition of) EPITOPES

A

Complete Antigen

38
Q

 Hapten only

A

Incomplete Antigen

39
Q

Ex. Incomplete Antigen

(light; antigenic only)

40
Q

 Addition of a carrier mol (dinitrophenol + albumin) → COMPLETE AG OR COMPLEX HAPTEN (becomes visible)

A

Incomplete Antigen

41
Q

Incomplete Antigen types

A
  1. Simple or precipitating
  2. Complex or nonprecipitating
42
Q

(not visible; soluble AG)

A
  1. Simple or precipitating
43
Q

(visible; insoluble AG)

A
  1. Complex or nonprecipitating
44
Q

Ex. Body fluids (Saliva) – becomes visible via serologic staining

A

Incomplete Antigen

45
Q

Precipitins

Soluble ag

46
Q

Agglutinins

Insoluble ag

47
Q

 Soluble AG (small)
 Precipitins (clumps)
 IgG

A

Precipitation

48
Q

 Insoluble AG (large)
 Agglutinins (aggregates)
 IgM – most efficient

A

Agglutination

49
Q

Seen in plasma, serum, body fluids, and cell surfaces

50
Q

Seen in plasma, serum

51
Q

Seen in body fluids

52
Q

WBC with a surface AB

53
Q

Can undergo transformation to become PLAMA CELLS

54
Q

 Produces AB
 No surface Ig
 Has a very large cytoplasm with ABs ready for production

A

PLAMA CELLS

55
Q

Are the only WBC with AB on their surfaces

56
Q

Binds plasma cells to plasma cells to inhibit their movement into the cells

A

Neutralize toxic substances

57
Q

 Serve as OPSONINS
 ABs alone cannot kill the microorg. – only function is to bind to AGs

A

Facilitate phagocytosis and kill microbes

58
Q

o Substances that coats the microorg. during phagocytosis (self-eating)
o Includes ABs, that binds to microorg. to enhance phagocytosis

59
Q

 2 ways of microbial killing:

A
  1. Extravascular destruction
  2. Intravascular destruction
60
Q

 microorg. coated by an AB will be used by macrophages to enhance engulfment of microorg.

A

Extravascular destruction

61
Q

 AB is used as a lubricant or OPSOSNINS to coat microorg

A

Extravascular destruction

62
Q

 Exposure of microorg.

A

Extravascular destruction

63
Q

 Happens outside the BV

A

Extravascular destruction

64
Q

 AB coats the microorg. → microorg travels toward the LIVER and the SPLEEN → macrophages kills microorg coated by ABs (PHAGOCYTOSIS)

A

Extravascular destruction

65
Q

 microorg. coated by an AB will be used by protein complements system to puncture the surface of microorg

o Blood = 90% water
o Puncture → entry of water → large volume entering → LYSIS or EXPLOSION

A

Intravascular destruction

66
Q

 Happens inside the BV

A

Intravascular destruction

67
Q

 AB activates the complement pathway to break surfaces of the microorg = LYSIS

A

Intravascular destruction

68
Q

long: 450 amino acids

A

Heavy chains

69
Q

short: 220 amino acids

A

Heavy chains

70
Q

Light chains ratio

A

65% : 35%
2:1

71
Q

 α – alpha
 γ – delta
 δ – gamma
 ε – epsilon
 µ – myu

A

Heavy chains

72
Q

 κ – kappa
 λ – lambda

A

Light chains

73
Q

FIRST (?) AA ARE VARIABLE

74
Q

 Intrachain
 Interchain

A

Disulfide bonds

75
Q

Disulfide bonds

– flexibility
– defective
– in urine

A

 PROLINE
 MULTIPLE MYELOMA
 BENCE JONES PROTEIN

76
Q

a – amino group, variable

A

Fab fragment

77
Q

c – carboxylic group, constant

A

Fc fragment

78
Q

special sections of AB molecules

79
Q

Domains

  1. L : 2 – VL, CL
  2. H : 4 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3
  3. H : 5 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5
  4. C
  5. V
A
  1. L : 2 – VL, CL
  2. H : 4 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3
  3. H : 5 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5
  4. C
  5. V

Immunology and Serology [LAB] (16 decks)

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