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HEMATOLOGY - Lec > Primary Hemostasis > Flashcards

Primary Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Platelets are referred to as ______.

A

Thrombocytes

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2
Q

Appearance of platelets in the PBS:

A

2-3 um
Small bluish
Granular structures
Discoid

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3
Q

What is the normal value of platelets?

A

150,000-450,000/uL

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4
Q

What is the process of creating platelets?

A

Thrombopoiesis

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5
Q

Platelets are derived from what?

A

Megakaryocytes

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6
Q

The MSC differentiates into _____ with the influence of hormnal growth factors

A

Megakaryocyte-colony-forming-units

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7
Q

What cell is known as the primitive cell during platelet development?

A

Megakaryoblast

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8
Q

What cell is in stage 1 of platelet development?

A

Megakaryoblast

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9
Q

Appearance of the megakaryoblast

A

15-10 um
Single, central nucleus
Diffuse-blue cytoplasm

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10
Q

What cell is in stage 2 of platelet development?

A

Promegakaryocyte

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11
Q

True or false:

Megakaryoblast is capable of protein synthesis

A

False

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12
Q

True or false:

Promegakaryocyte is capable of protein synthesis

A

True

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13
Q

What is developed further by invagination of the plasma membrane in stage 2 of platelet development?

A

Demarcating membrane system (DMS)

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14
Q

What cell is present in stage 3 during platelet development?

A

Granular megakaryocyte

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15
Q

What cell is present in stage 4 during platelet development?

A

Mature megakaryocyte

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16
Q

Platelets shed in groups are called _____.

A

Proplatelets

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17
Q

Each megakaryocte shed _____ platelets

A

1000-5000

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18
Q

What happens to the remaining cytoplasm and the nuclei after the megakaryocyte sheds?

A

Phagocytized by neighboring macrophages

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19
Q

Megakaryocytes shed how much platelets per day?

A

40-60

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20
Q

What is the primary factor of platelet release?

A

Thrombopoietin

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21
Q

Life span of platelets

A

2-10 days

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22
Q

What is the possible cause of larger platelets?

A

Severe bleeding

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23
Q

What is the possible cause of smaller than normal platelets?

A

Inflammation or IDA

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24
Q

What type of platelet are produced as compensation to thrombocytopenia?

A

Reticulated platelets / stress platelets

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25
What part of a platelet gives it a sponge-like appearance?
Canaliculi
26
A platelet is divided into 4 major areas; what are these areas?
1. Plasma membrane (peripheral zone) 2. Submembrane area (membranous zone) 3. Platelet cytoskeleton (sol-gel zone) 4. Organelle zone
27
The surface coat in platelets
Glycocalyx
28
True or false: The glyxocalyx provides a surface that lets coagulation factors adhere to the platelet
True
29
Modified true or false: NaK ATPase ionic pumps and vWF are located in the membranous zone
False. Peripheral zone
30
What part of the platelet contributes to the regulation of the normal platelet?
Submembranous filaments
31
What part of platelets act as a base for pseudopod formation
Submembranous area / membranous zone
32
Platelet cytoskeleton is known as ____ zone
Sol-gel
33
Which zone maintains the resting shape of the platelet?
Sol-gel zone
34
What are the 3 types of granules present in the organelle zone of platelets?
Alpha granules Dense granules Lysosomal granules
35
Which granule inhibits heprin and with what molecule?
Alpha granules Platelet factor 4 Thromboglobulin
36
What is the most important component of dense bodies?
ADP
37
The uptake and release of substances in platelets are facilitated by what component of the membrane?
Open canalicular systwm
38
Term that means "the stoppage of blood flow"
Hemostasis
39
What are the factors present in the extrinsic pathway?
FVII, FVIIA, FIII, FIIIA
40
What are the factors present in the intrinsic pathway?
FXII, FXIIA, FXI, FXIA, FIX, FIXA, FVIII, FVIIIA
41
What activates the FXII?
Kallikrein, HMWK, collagen
42
In what factor does intrinsic and extrinsic pathway meet?
FX
43
What are the factors from the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway that activates FX?
FIIIA, and FVIIIA & FIXA
44
What are the factors present in the common pathway?
FXIII, FXIIIa, FX, FXa, FV, FVa, FII, FIIa, FI, FIa
45
What factor is fibrinogen?
Factor 1
46
What factor is the glass factor?
Factor 12
47
What factor is calcium?
Factor 4
48
What factor is the tissue factor?
Factor 3
49
What laboratory test is used to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathway?
Prothrombin time test (PT)
50
What test is used to evaluate the intrinsic and common pathway?
Partial thromboplastin time test (PTT)
51
What are the substances that promotes coagulation? What produces those substances?
HMWK Fibrinogen Factor 5 vWF - alpha granules
52
What may trigger the adherence of platelets to endothelial cells?
TF collagen fibrinonectin thrombospondin laminin vitronectin
53
Platelet adhesion to collagen requires ___.
Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
54
A platelet disease wherein the GP IB receptor is absent
Bernard Soulier Syndrome
55
A platelet disease that correlates to abnormal vWF glycoprotein
Vin Willebrand Disease
56
What is the treatment for vWD?
Cryoprecipitate
57
A condition where the GP IB-IIIA receptor is absent.
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
58
What happens when the GP IIB-IIIA receptor is absent?
Platelet won't be able to aggregate with the use of ADP, collagen, thrombin & arachidonic acid
59
The process whereby the temporary fibrin clot is systematically and gradually dissolved.
Fibrinolysis
60
What substance is capable of degrading fibrin?
Plasmin
61
A condition wherein the deficiency of a-granules causes lifelong bleeding tendency
Gray platelet syndrome
62
HMWK is also known as ____ factor
Fitzgerald factor
63
What type of sample is used for PTT test?
Platelet poor plasma

HEMATOLOGY - Lec (8 decks)

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