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HEMATOLOGY - Lec > Primary Hemostasis > Flashcards

Primary Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Platelets are referred to as ______.

A

Thrombocytes

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2
Q

Appearance of platelets in the PBS:

A

2-3 um
Small bluish
Granular structures
Discoid

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3
Q

What is the normal value of platelets?

A

150,000-450,000/uL

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4
Q

What is the process of creating platelets?

A

Thrombopoiesis

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5
Q

Platelets are derived from what?

A

Megakaryocytes

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6
Q

The MSC differentiates into _____ with the influence of hormnal growth factors

A

Megakaryocyte-colony-forming-units

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7
Q

What cell is known as the primitive cell during platelet development?

A

Megakaryoblast

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8
Q

What cell is in stage 1 of platelet development?

A

Megakaryoblast

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9
Q

Appearance of the megakaryoblast

A

15-10 um
Single, central nucleus
Diffuse-blue cytoplasm

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10
Q

What cell is in stage 2 of platelet development?

A

Promegakaryocyte

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11
Q

True or false:

Megakaryoblast is capable of protein synthesis

A

False

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12
Q

True or false:

Promegakaryocyte is capable of protein synthesis

A

True

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13
Q

What is developed further by invagination of the plasma membrane in stage 2 of platelet development?

A

Demarcating membrane system (DMS)

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14
Q

What cell is present in stage 3 during platelet development?

A

Granular megakaryocyte

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15
Q

What cell is present in stage 4 during platelet development?

A

Mature megakaryocyte

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16
Q

Platelets shed in groups are called _____.

A

Proplatelets

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17
Q

Each megakaryocte shed _____ platelets

A

1000-5000

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18
Q

What happens to the remaining cytoplasm and the nuclei after the megakaryocyte sheds?

A

Phagocytized by neighboring macrophages

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19
Q

Megakaryocytes shed how much platelets per day?

A

40-60

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20
Q

What is the primary factor of platelet release?

A

Thrombopoietin

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21
Q

Life span of platelets

A

2-10 days

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22
Q

What is the possible cause of larger platelets?

A

Severe bleeding

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23
Q

What is the possible cause of smaller than normal platelets?

A

Inflammation or IDA

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24
Q

What type of platelet are produced as compensation to thrombocytopenia?

A

Reticulated platelets / stress platelets

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25
Q

What part of a platelet gives it a sponge-like appearance?

A

Canaliculi

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26
Q

A platelet is divided into 4 major areas; what are these areas?

A
  1. Plasma membrane (peripheral zone)
  2. Submembrane area (membranous zone)
  3. Platelet cytoskeleton (sol-gel zone)
  4. Organelle zone
27
Q

The surface coat in platelets

A

Glycocalyx

28
Q

True or false:

The glyxocalyx provides a surface that lets coagulation factors adhere to the platelet

A

True

29
Q

Modified true or false:

NaK ATPase ionic pumps and vWF are located in the membranous zone

A

False. Peripheral zone

30
Q

What part of the platelet contributes to the regulation of the normal platelet?

A

Submembranous filaments

31
Q

What part of platelets act as a base for pseudopod formation

A

Submembranous area / membranous zone

32
Q

Platelet cytoskeleton is known as ____ zone

A

Sol-gel

33
Q

Which zone maintains the resting shape of the platelet?

A

Sol-gel zone

34
Q

What are the 3 types of granules present in the organelle zone of platelets?

A

Alpha granules
Dense granules
Lysosomal granules

35
Q

Which granule inhibits heprin and with what molecule?

A

Alpha granules

Platelet factor 4
Thromboglobulin

36
Q

What is the most important component of dense bodies?

A

ADP

37
Q

The uptake and release of substances in platelets are facilitated by what component of the membrane?

A

Open canalicular systwm

38
Q

Term that means “the stoppage of blood flow”

A

Hemostasis

39
Q

What are the factors present in the extrinsic pathway?

A

FVII, FVIIA, FIII, FIIIA

40
Q

What are the factors present in the intrinsic pathway?

A

FXII, FXIIA, FXI, FXIA, FIX, FIXA, FVIII, FVIIIA

41
Q

What activates the FXII?

A

Kallikrein, HMWK, collagen

42
Q

In what factor does intrinsic and extrinsic pathway meet?

A

FX

43
Q

What are the factors from the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway that activates FX?

A

FIIIA, and FVIIIA & FIXA

44
Q

What are the factors present in the common pathway?

A

FXIII, FXIIIa, FX, FXa, FV, FVa, FII, FIIa, FI, FIa

45
Q

What factor is fibrinogen?

A

Factor 1

46
Q

What factor is the glass factor?

A

Factor 12

47
Q

What factor is calcium?

A

Factor 4

48
Q

What factor is the tissue factor?

A

Factor 3

49
Q

What laboratory test is used to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathway?

A

Prothrombin time test (PT)

50
Q

What test is used to evaluate the intrinsic and common pathway?

A

Partial thromboplastin time test (PTT)

51
Q

What are the substances that promotes coagulation? What produces those substances?

A

HMWK
Fibrinogen
Factor 5
vWF

  • alpha granules
52
Q

What may trigger the adherence of platelets to endothelial cells?

A

TF
collagen
fibrinonectin
thrombospondin
laminin
vitronectin

53
Q

Platelet adhesion to collagen requires ___.

A

Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

54
Q

A platelet disease wherein the GP IB receptor is absent

A

Bernard Soulier Syndrome

55
Q

A platelet disease that correlates to abnormal vWF glycoprotein

A

Vin Willebrand Disease

56
Q

What is the treatment for vWD?

A

Cryoprecipitate

57
Q

A condition where the GP IB-IIIA receptor is absent.

A

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

58
Q

What happens when the GP IIB-IIIA receptor is absent?

A

Platelet won’t be able to aggregate with the use of ADP, collagen, thrombin & arachidonic acid

59
Q

The process whereby the temporary fibrin clot is systematically and gradually dissolved.

A

Fibrinolysis

60
Q

What substance is capable of degrading fibrin?

A

Plasmin

61
Q

A condition wherein the deficiency of a-granules causes lifelong bleeding tendency

A

Gray platelet syndrome

62
Q

HMWK is also known as ____ factor

A

Fitzgerald factor

63
Q

What type of sample is used for PTT test?

A

Platelet poor plasma

HEMATOLOGY - Lec (8 decks)

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