Anemia Of Abnormal Iron Metabolism Pt. 1

Question 1

When iron levels are low, RBC production is _____

Answer 1

Impaired

Question 2

Term for when iron is the limiting factor

Answer 2

Iron restriction

Question 3

2 important causes of iron restricted anemia

Answer 3

Iron-deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic inflammation

Question 4

Iron levels in sideroblastic anemia

Answer 4

High iron

Question 5

Excess accumulation without anemia

Answer 5

Hemochromatoses

Question 6

Fucntional forms of iron

Answer 6

Hemoglobin - RBC
Myoglobin - muscles
Enzymes in all cells

Question 7

What type of iron goes inside the body at the start?

Answer 7

Fe3+ (ferric)

Question 8

What causes the conversion of ferric iron to ferrous?

Answer 8

Acidity of the stomach

Question 9

What converts ferrous back to ferric form?

Answer 9

Hephaestin

Question 10

Lifespan of RBC

Answer 10

120 days

Question 11

What does the liver secrete to regulate the absorption of iron?

Answer 11

Hepcidin

Question 12

IDA develops when?

Answer 12

Inadequate intake of iron

Question 13

How much iron is normally lost in the body per day?

Answer 13

1mg

Question 14

Daily requirement of iron from the diet

Answer 14

1mg

Question 15

What happens in the RBC production when the body has inadequate iron intake?

Answer 15

Slow production

Question 16

During what period needs more iron intake?

Answer 16

Infancy, adolescence

Question 17

What may be the cause of inability to absorb iron even with adequate levels?

Answer 17

Celiac disease
Matriptase-2 protein
Decreased stomach acidity
Drugs that binds to iron

Question 18

Causes of impaired absorption:

Answer 18

• Inability to absorb iron even with adequate amount
• Decrease stomach acidity
• Drugs that bind to iron inside the intestine

Question 19

Causes of chronic blood loss:

Answer 19

• Repeated blood donations
• Hemorrhage
• Menorrhagia
• Hemolysis

Question 20

Stage 1 iron depletion

Answer 20

Storage iron depletion

Question 21

Modified true or false:

Ferritin level starts to decrease in stage 2

Answer 21

False. Stage 1

Question 22

Stage 2 iron depletion:

Answer 22

Transport iron depletion

Question 23

When serum iron levels decrease, what happens to TIBC levels?

Answer 23

Increase

Question 24

Stage 3 iron depletion:

Answer 24

Functional iron depletion

Question 25

When diagnosing anemia, what’s the flow?

Answer 25

Check signs and symptoms
See lab results
Check CBC
Check hemoglobin
Check RBC indices

Question 26

People with high risk of iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 26

Menstruating women
Adolescent girl
Women in childbearing age
Growing children
Elderly
People with parasitic infection

Question 27

Is it normal for post-menopausal women to lose 5mg/day of iron?

Answer 27

No. Normal is 1mg/day only

Question 28

How does long-distance running cause iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 28

Due to exercise-induced hemoglobinuria

Question 29

What is used for testing early-stage IDA? How about late-stage?

Answer 29

Ferritin

CBC and additional testing

Question 30

Hgb concentration in IDA

Answer 30

Decreased

Question 31

RDW value in IDA

Answer 31

> 15%

Question 32

Assays under diagnostic testing for IDA;

Answer 32

Serum iron
TIBC
Transferrin saturation
Serum ferritin

Question 33

Transferrin saturation formula

Answer 33

%= (serum iron × 100) / (TIBC)

Question 34

Specialized tests for IDA

Answer 34

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin

Question 35

Why does the cytoplasm remain bluish after the nucleus has begun to condense?

Answer 35

Iron not sensitized

Question 36

Treatment for IDA

Answer 36

Dietary supplementation
Ferrous sulfate
Oral bovine lactoferrin
IV administration of iron dextrans

Question 37

When is IV administration of iron dextrans used? Why?

Answer 37

Patients that cannot absorb iron
- gastric achlorhydria
- celiac disease
- matriptase-2 mutations

Question 38

HGB levels after treatment:

Answer 38

Normal after 2 days

Question 39

Define porphyria

Answer 39

Blockage of protoporphyrin production —> leads to the accumulation of porphyrins

Question 40

In what part of the GI tract iron absorbed?

Answer 40

Duodenum

Question 41

A protein that leads to persisent production of hepcidin

Answer 41

Matriptase-2