Hemolytic Anemia Flashcards
Primary underlying cause in hemolytic anemia
Hemolysis
Hemolytic anemia is classified as:
Acute vs chronic
Intrinsic vs extrinsic
Intravascular vs extravascular
Fragmentation vs macrophage mediated
Identify if acute or chronic hemolytic anemia:
Develops hemolytic crisis over time, causing anemia
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Identify if acute or chronic hemolytic anemia:
Rapid onset and isolated, episodic or paroxysmal
Acute hemolytic anemia
Identify if acute or chronic hemolytic anemia:
Thalassemia major
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Identify if acute or chronic hemolytic anemia:
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Acute hemolytic anemia
Identify if acute or chronic hemolytic anemia:
G6PD Deficiency
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Identify if acute or chronic hemolytic anemia:
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Acute hemolytic anemia
Differenciate intrinsic and extrinsic hemolytic anemia.
Intrinsic - defect in the RBC membrane
Extrinsic - due to external factors
Subclassifications under intrinsic hemolytic anemia
Membrane defects
Enzyme defects
Hemoglobinopathies
Subclassifications under extrinsic hemolytic anemia
Immunohemolytic
Traumatic
Microangiopathic
Infectious agents
Chemical agents
Physical agents
What is the prominent product of RBC hemolysis
Bilirubin
What test for hemolytic anemia would cause a positive result even without a gross color change?
Urine blood strip test
What does spherocytes indicate in hemolytic anemia?
Macrophage mediated hemolysis
What are the tests used to identify specific hemolytic processes?
Direct antiglobulin test
Osmotic fragility test
Peripheral blood smear
Eosin-5’-maleimide binding test
Heinz body test
Protein mutation present in hereditary spherocytosis
Ankyrin
Band 3
a-spectrin
b-spectrin
Protein 4.2
What receptor is present in macrophages that binds to Hgb-Hpt complex?
CD163
What enzyme removes the iron from the hemoglobin?
Heme oxygenase
Biliverdin is converted to unconjugated bilirubin by ______.
Biliverdin reductase
The enzyme that adds two molecules of glucoronic acid to the unconjugated bilirubin to turn it into conjugated bilirubin.
UGT1A1
What receptor is present in hepatocytes where unconjugated bilirubin binds to?
CD91
