Prevention of Cervical Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Which viruses are implicated in the development of cancer?
A
- HBV
- HIV
- EBV
- HPV
2
Q
Lifetime risk of exposure to HPV?
A
80%
3
Q
Peak age prevalence of HPV?
A
15-25 yrs
4
Q
Which cells does HPV selectively infect?
A
Basal cells of epithelium
5
Q
Most oncogenic types of HPV?
A
16 and 18
6
Q
What percentage of cervical cancers are linked to HPV 16/18?
A
70%
7
Q
How is primary prevention of HPV carried out?
A
UK HPV Immunisation Programme
8
Q
What types of HPV are included in the vaccination?
A
16 + 18
9
Q
How often is cervical screening done?
A
every 5 years
10
Q
What tests are done on the smear test?
A
HPV test then:
- If -ve come back in 5 yrs for next smear
- If +ve reflex cytology (specific test looking for precancerous cells)
11
Q
Nuclear features of dyskaryosis?
A
- Increased size and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
- Variation in size, shape
- Coarse irregular chromatin
- Nucleoli
12
Q
Outcomes of cytology?
A
- normal = repeat test 1 year
- dyskaryosis = refer to colposcopy
13
Q
What is colposcopy used for?
A
- Magnification and light to see cervix
- Exclude obvious malignancy
- Use of acetic acid =/- iodine (identify limits of lesion, select biopsy site, define area to treat)
14
Q
Outcomes of colposcopy?
A
Normal - home for smears
Low grade - home for cytology
High grade - biopsy
