Prevention and the Health Care System Flashcards
The Medical Model:
Dominant approach (Reactive)
- main focus is on repairing/curing disease-induced damage to the body
a) involves services that provide objective confirmation of a problem (PRIMARY PREVENTION): - cholesterol screening
- Blood pressure checks
- Pap test
b) less cognitive and behavioral services (SECONDARY PREVENTION)
- stress counselling, PA counselling, healthy eating
- psychological skills in order to make a change and stick with it.
Social Role that Patients Can Take in Our Medical System
1) Sick role
2) At-risk role
Sick role
temporary social role designated to return sick ppl to a state of health and quickly as possible
At-risk role
Involves social role in which an individual is:
- aware of being susceptible to a specific disease
- want to do something to reduce the possibility or acquiring the disease.
Characteristics of Sick role
1) Doctor Centered
- supplies knowledge and skills for benefit of patient
- objectives and emotionally detached
2) Biomedical Solutions
- curing the patient with phsyical treatmemts
3) One-way Information Flow
- Physician to patient
4) Emphasis on individual change
- expects full cooperation from the patient
Characteristics of the At-risk Role
1) Patient Centered
- patient actively engaged
2) Lifestyle Solutions
- focus on lifestyle/behavioural changes in order to prevent disease
3) Two-way flow
- Partnership b/t physician and patient
- less authoritarian
- both actively engaged
4) Emphasis on changing the social environment
- recognizes that illness can be due to social and environment conditions
Limitations of the Medical Model
a) drives what is taught in medical school, does not include training in cognitive and behavioural modifications
-revolves around curative care/primary prevention (take on the sick role), rather than secondary prevention (take on at-risk role)
Primary= sick role
Secondary = at-risk role
b) limits physicians ability to counsel regarding PA
- shortage of time
