Prevention and public health Flashcards
Disease model of substance misuse which suggests a loss of control in the patient
Disease model
Disease model of substance misuse which views the substance taking as a maladaptive behaviour
Social learning model
Safe weekly units of alcohol in males
21 units per week
Safe weekly units of alcohol in females
14 units per week
Hazardous weekly units of alcohol in males
21-49 units per week
Hazardous weekly units of alcohol in females
14-35 units per week
Harmful weekly units of alcohol in males
More than 49 units per week
Harmful weekly units of alcohol in females
More than 35 units per week
Alcohol risk of adoptees compared to biological/adopted family
Adoptees retain the risk proportional to their biological family
Sex believed to have a higher heritability of alcoholism
Males
Increase in risk of alcoholism with an affected first and second degree family member
4x higher
Increase in risk of alcoholism with an affected first degree family member
2x higher
Increase in risk of alcoholism with an affected second or third degree family member
1.5x higher
Alcohol screening tool suitable for GP use designed to be used as a brief structured interview or self report questionnaire
AUDIT
Alcohol screening tool designed to be used in A&E
FAST
Most widely used alcohol screening tool
CAGE
Time alcohol is present in the urine after ingestion
12 hours
Time amphetamines are present in the urine after ingestion
48 hours
Time benzodiazepines are present in the urine after ingestion
3 days
Time cannabis is present in the urine after ingestion with occasional use
3 days
Time cannabis is present in the urine after ingestion with regular use
4 weeks
Time cocaine is present in the urine after ingestion
6-8 hours
Time cocaine metabolites are present in the urine after ingestion
2-4 days
Time codeine is present in the urine after ingestion
48 hours
Time heroin is present in the urine after ingestion
1-3 days
Time methadone is present in the urine after ingestion
3 days or more
Time morphine is present in the urine after ingestion
2-3 days
Time PCP is present in the urine after ingestion
3-8 days
Time LSD is present in the urine after ingestion
Up to 24 hours
Substance which can give a false positive for PCP on a urine drug screen
Dextromethorphan
Substance which can give a false positive for marijuana metabolites on a urine drug screen
Ibuprofen
Substance which can give a false positive for opiates on a urine drug screen
Tonic water
Substance which can give a false positive for amphetamines on a urine drug screen
Phenylephrine decongestants
Direction of IV drug injection associated with reduced harm
In the direction of blood flow
Main finding from the MATCH trial looking at alcohol dependence
Matching patients to treatment options does not significantly impact on income
Most appropriate alcohol screening questionnaire for use in GP surgeries
AUDIT
Number of questions in AUDIT questionnaire
10
Maximum score in an AUDIT questionnaire
40
Score in an AUDIT questionnaire suggestive of hazardous or harmful alcohol use
8
Alcohol screening questionnaire which has four questions
CAGE
Alcohol screening questionnaire which has four questions but does not ask about frequency of alcohol use
CAGE
Alcohol screening questionnaire which is a shortened version of the AUDIT questionnaire designed to be used in A&E departments
FAST
Alcohol screening questionnaire which looks to identify dependent drinkers and focuses more on lifetime than current problems
MAST
Normal temperature of urine on voiding
32-38 degrees celsius
Normal specific gravity of urine
1.002-1.030
Normal pH of urine
4.5-8
Benzodiazepine most likely to show in a urine drug screen
Diazepam
Recognised methods of testing for illicit substances
Hair
Saliva
Urine
Sweat
