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5. Addictions psychiatry > Epidemiology of substance use > Flashcards

Epidemiology of substance use Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of men in the UK general population who drank alcohol in the last week

A

67%

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2
Q

Percentage of women in the UK general population who drank alcohol in the last week

A

53%

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3
Q

Percentage of men in the UK general population who drank alcohol above recommended limits in the last week

A

24%

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4
Q

Percentage of women in the UK general population who drank alcohol above recommended limits in the last week

A

18%

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5
Q

Percentage of 11-15 year olds in the UK who have drank alcohol at least once

A

43%

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6
Q

Percentage of patients who present to primary care who drink alcohol at harmful or hazardous levels

A

20%

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7
Q

Annual prevalence of hazardous drinking among UK men

A

38%

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8
Q

Annual prevalence of hazardous drinking among UK women

A

15%

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9
Q

Annual prevalence of hazardous drinking among UK white adults

A

27%

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10
Q

Annual prevalence of hazardous drinking among UK black adults

A

18%

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11
Q

Annual prevalence of hazardous drinking among UK South Asian adults

A

8%

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12
Q

Peak age for hazardous drinking among women

A

16-19

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13
Q

Peak age for hazardous drinking for men

A

20-24

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14
Q

Prevalence of alcohol dependence per 1000 people in the UK

A

74

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15
Q

Prevalence of alcohol dependence per 1000 men in the UK

A

119

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16
Q

29Prevalence of alcohol dependence per 1000 women in the UK

A

29

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17
Q

Percentage of pregnant women in the UK who drank in the last week

A

10%

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18
Q

Percentage of UK adults age 16-59 who took an illicit drug in the last year

A

8.3%

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19
Q

Percentage of UK young adults age 16-24 who took an illicit drug in the last year

A

16.3%

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20
Q

Percentage of UK adults age 16-59 who took a class A illicit drug in the last year

A

2.6%

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21
Q

Percentage of drug users who use multiple drugs (not including alcohol)

A

7%

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22
Q

Prevalence of heroin use in the UK

A

1%

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23
Q

Percentage of UK general population aged 16-29 who have tried amphetamines at least once

A

22%

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24
Q

Mechanism of action of amphetamines

A

Blocks catecholamine reuptake
Stimulates catecholamine release from vesicles

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25
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of opioids

A

Dysphoric mood
Nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea
Muscle aches
Lacrimation
Pupillary dilation
Piloerection
Yawning
Insomnia
Fever

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26
Q

Isomers and their effects of MDMA

A

R(-) produces LSD like effects
S(+) produces amphetamine like effects

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27
Q

Plant which khat is taken from

A

Catha edulis

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28
Q

Plant which cocaine is derived from

A

Erythroxylon coca

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29
Q

Adverse physical effects of cocaine use

A

Nasal perforation from snorting
Cerebral infarction
Cerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage
TIAs
Seizures
MI
Arrythmia

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30
Q

Half life of caffeine

A

3-10 hours

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31
Q

Mechanisms of action of caffeine

A

Antagonist to adenosine receptors
Increases intraneuronal cAMP
In naïve individuals can reduce GABAergic activity

32
Q

Caffeine dose which produces anxiety and nervousness

A

300-800mg

33
Q

Most common magic mushroom

A

Liberty cap (psilocybe semilanceata)

34
Q

Nickname for phencyclidine

A

Angel dust

35
Q

Percentage of patients taking benzodiazepines for a year who develop dependence

A

40%

36
Q

Average weight of heroin used in a day by a dependent user

A

0.25-2g

37
Q

Average purity of street heroin

A

25-50% purity by volume

38
Q

Cost of heroin per gram

A

£50-100

39
Q

Drug which is nicknamed ice

A

Methamphetamine

40
Q

Drug which is nicknamed crystal

A

Methamphetamine

41
Q

Most commonly used illicit opioid in Europe

A

Heroin

42
Q

Drug which is nicknamed speed

A

Amphetamine

43
Q

Drug which is nicknamed whizz

A

Amphetamine

44
Q

Drugs which are nicknamed dope

A

Cannabis
Heroin

45
Q

Drug which is nicknamed grass/green

A

Cannabis

46
Q

Drug which is nicknamed hash

A

Cannabis

47
Q

Drug which is nicknamed reefer

A

Cannabis

48
Q

Drug which is nicknamed charlie

A

Cocaine

49
Q

Drug which is nicknamed white

A

Cocaine

50
Q

Drug which is nicknamed snow

A

Cocaine

51
Q

Drug which is nicknamed brown sugar

A

Heroin

52
Q

Drug which is nicknamed skunk

A

Heroin

53
Q

Drug which is nicknamed China white

A

Heroin

54
Q

Drug which is nicknamed smack

A

Heroin

55
Q

Drug which is nicknamed vitamin K

A

Ketamine

56
Q

Drug which is nicknamed yellow/California sunshine

A

LSD

57
Q

Drug which is nicknamed crank

A

Methamphetamine

58
Q

Drug which is nicknamed molly

A

Ecstasy/MDMA

59
Q

Drug which is nicknamed moon rocks

A

Ecstasy/MDMA

60
Q

Drug which is nicknamed angel dust

A

PCP

61
Q

Age group most likely to use inhalants

A

12-17

62
Q

The concept that prior heavy drinkers can build up their alcohol intake quickly if they start drinking again

A

Reinstatement

63
Q

Factors associated with diminished or reverse tolerance

A

Idiosyncratic
Older patients with brain damage
Liver disease
When drinking alcohol after a period of abstinence

64
Q

Percentage of patients with schizophrenia who use nicotine

A

70-80%

65
Q

Type of drug use where use is limited to certain environments e.g. parties

A

Situational use

66
Q

Type of drug use where use is in order to explore the effects of the drug

A

Experimental use

67
Q

Type of drug use where use is motivated by desire to avoid withdrawal

A

Dependent use

68
Q

Type of drug use where use is regular but there is no dependence

A

Recreational use

69
Q

Drug which is nicknamed jellies

A

Temazepam

70
Q

Drug which is nicknamed acid

A

LSD

71
Q

Drugs within the stimulant class

A

Amphetamines
Cocaine
MDMA

72
Q

Drugs within the depressant class

A

Alcohol
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
GHB

73
Q

Drugs within the hallucinogenic class

A

LSD
PCP
Mushrooms
Ketamine

74
Q

Peak age for binge drinking in the UK

A

16-24

75
Q

Most effective way, according to NICE, of reducing alcohol related harm on a population level

A

Making alcohol less affordable

76
Q

Most commonly used illicit drug

A

Cannabis

5. Addictions psychiatry (10 decks)

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