Definitions and classification Flashcards
Class of drugs ecstasy falls into
Class A
Class of drugs LSD falls into
Class A
Class of drugs heroin falls into
Class A
Class of drugs cocaine falls into
Class A
Class of drugs crack cocaine falls into
Class A
Class of drugs magic mushrooms fall into
Class A
Class of drugs methylamphetamine falls into
Class A
Class of drugs any amphetamines fall into if they are prepared for injection
Class A
Class of drugs amphetamines fall into if they are not prepared for injection (except methylamphetamine)
Class B
Class of drugs methylphenidate falls into
Class B
Class of drugs pholcodine falls into
Class B
Class of drugs cannabis falls into
Class B
Class of drugs GHB falls into
Class C
Class of drugs ketamine falls into
Class B
Class of drugs anabolic steroids fall into
Class C
Class of drugs benzodiazepines fall into
Class C
Class of drugs khat falls into
Class C
Class of drugs codeine falls into
Class B
Figure who coined the term alcoholism
Magnus Huss
ICD 10 features of alcohol dependence
Intense desire to drink alcohol
Difficulty controlling drinking
Withdrawal symptoms if alcohol is not taken
Use of alcohol to relieve withdrawal
Tolerance - requiring increasing doses for the same effect
Salience - neglecting other interests
Narrowing personal repertoire of alcohol use
Number of ICD 10 features a person needs to meet to be diagnosed with alcohol dependence
3 in the last 12 months
DSM IV features of alcohol abuse
Drinking of alcohol
1. Despite problems in social, occupational, physical or psychological domains
2. In hazardous situations
3. At least once a month, recurring over a longer period usually
4. But without alcohol dependence
DSM IV features of alcohol dependence
Drinking alcohol for longer periods and in larger amounts than intended
Unsuccessful attempts to cut down
Withdrawal
Use of alcohol to relieve withdrawal
Tolerance - requiring at least 50% increase in dose for same effect compared to at the start of drinking
Salience
Failure in role obligations or personal health
Giving up personal pleasures
Continued use despite knowing the harm caused
Number of DSM IV features required for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence
At least 3 lasting for at least a month
Changes between DSM IV and DSM V for alcohol related diagnoses
DSM V combines substance dependence and substance abuse into substance use disorder which runs on a spectrum from mild (would previously have been abuse) to severe (would previously have been dependence)
Edwards and Gross criteria for alcohol dependence in 1976
- Narrowed repertoire
- Salience of alcohol seeking behaviour
- Increased tolerance
- Repeated withdrawals
- Drinking to prevent or relieve withdrawals
- Subjective awareness of compulsion
- Reinstatement after abstinence
Differences between compulsion and craving
Compulsion has an urge element
Craving is a motivational state but the emotional element can be positive or negative i.e. the person might not want to drink but craves alcohol
Craving usually associated with withdrawal
Cloningers type I alcoholism features
Both males and females affected
No strong family history
No strong criminality element
Starts age >25
Cloningers type II alcoholism features
Males affected
Strong heritability
Strong criminality element
Starts age <25
Description of Jellinek’s alpha classification of alcoholism
Psychological dependence
Not progressive
No withdrawals
Issues only in interpersonal domain
Description of Jellinek’s beta classification of alcoholism
Physical damage
No dependence
Description of Jellinek’s gamma classification of alcoholism
Loss of control
Physical dependence with withdrawals
Description of Jellinek’s delta classification of alcoholism
No loss of control but unable to abstain
Description of Jellinek’s epsilon classification of alcoholism
Dipsomania - bouts of cravings with associated binges
Drug crack is a pure form of
Cocaine
ICD11 term for a state where alcohol has caused damage to someone’s mental or physical health, without dependence
Harmful pattern of use
Length of time required to make an alcohol dependence diagnosis in a non-daily drinker in ICD 11
12 months
Length of time required to make an alcohol dependence diagnosis in a daily/near daily drinker in ICD 11
3 months
Formula to calculate units of alcohol in a drink
Volume in litres x percentage alcohol
Active ingredient in khat (from the catha edulis plant)
Cathinone
Difference between ‘harmful pattern of use’ and ‘hazardous use’ in ICD 11
In harmful pattern of use damage has occurred; in hazardous use damage has not occurred
