preventing and treating disease

Question 1

vaccine

Answer 1

dead or inactive forms of a pathogen

Question 2

antibiotics

Answer 2

kill infective bacteria in the body

Question 3

painkillers

Answer 3

to treat symptoms of a disease

Question 4

penicillin

Answer 4

antibiotic found in mold by alexander fleming

Question 5

digitalis

Answer 5

from the foxglove
used to strengthen the heartbeat

Question 6

stages of developing drugs

Answer 6

test on cells/ tissues or organs— animals —– clinical trial on healthy volunteers—- patients with placebo

Question 7

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 7

form of medical treatment that relies on the immune system

Question 8

hybridoma

Answer 8

mouse lymphocyte combined with a tumor cell

Question 9

stages of making monoclonal antibodies

Answer 9

mouse lymphocytes stimulated
mouse lymphocytes combine with a tumor cell
the single hybridoma cells make a large number of identical cells that all produce the same anitbodies
antibodies collected and purified

Question 10

uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 10

diagnose disease
pregnancy tests
measure and monitor the levels of hormones
treat disease

Question 11

advantage and disadvantage of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 11

adv- target specific diseased cells without damaging healthy cells
disadv- expensive and side effects

Question 12

why are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of disease

Answer 12

they block receptors
they target specific antigens
can carry radioactive substances without damaging other cells
can trigger immune system to recognise and destroy cancer cells