cell structure and transport

Question 1

light microscopes

Answer 1

use beam of light
can magnify up to 2000 times
can view living objects
relatively cheap

Question 2

electron microscopes

Answer 2

use beam of electrons
can magnify objects up to 2,000,000 times
cant view living objects
very expensive

Question 3

magnification calculation

Answer 3

image size/ real size

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

controls cells activities and holds the dna

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

liquid gel where chemical reactions take place

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

controls the movement of substances in and out the cell

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

where energy is transferred during aerobic respiration

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

where proteinsynthesis takes place

Question 9

cell wall

Answer 9

keeps the cell rigid- made of cellulose

Question 10

chloroplasts

Answer 10

contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 11

permanent vacuole

Answer 11

helps support the plant

Question 12

eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

multicellular
plants, fungi, protista

Question 13

prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

single celled
bacteria

Question 14

nerve cells

Answer 14

many dendrites to make connections
an axon to carry impulses from one place to another
nerve endings to pass impulses to other cells
many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed

Question 15

sperm cells

Answer 15

a long tail that whips
large nucleus to contain genetic information
middle section full of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed by the tail to move
acrosome to store digestive enzymes for break down of the egg

Question 16

muscle cells

Answer 16

special proteins that slide over each other
many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for chemical reactions
a store of glycogen to be used in respiration to transfer energy

Question 17

root hair cells

Answer 17

increase the surface area available for water to move into the cell.
large permanent vacuole to speed up movement of water by osmosis
many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for active transport

Question 18

photosynthetic cells

Answer 18

chloroplasts containing chlorophyll to trap light
often found in continuous layers
have a large permanent vacuole that helps keep the cell rigid

Question 19

xylem cells

Answer 19

xylem tissue supports the plant
xylem cell transports the water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves
xylem cells are living when their first formed
cells die leaving long hollow tubes

Question 20

phloem cells

Answer 20

transports food made by photosynthesis
difcell walls between phloem cells break down to form sieve plates
phloem cells lose a lot of their structures
companion cells contain mitochondria for that transfer energy

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

spreading out of particles across a concentration gradient

Question 22

examples of diffusion

Answer 22

oxygen and glucose into the cells of the body from the blood stream
CO2 into actively photosynthesising plant cells
oxygen and CO2 in opposite directions in the lungs( gas exchange)
simple sugars and amino acids from the gut through cell membranes

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane high to low concentration

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

two solutions with the same concentration

Question 25

hypertonic

Answer 25

solution that is more concentrated

Question 26

hypotonic

Answer 26

solution that is more dilute

Question 27

osmosis in plant cells

Answer 27

water moves into plant cells by osmosis- the vacuole swells- the cytoplasm is pressed against the cell wall- the cell becomes rigid- leaves and stem become rigid

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

movement of particles against the concentration gradient- this requires energy