organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

tissues

Answer 1

a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function
e.g. muscular tissue, glandular tissue, epithelial tissue

Question 2

organs

Answer 2

a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
e.g. muscular tissue to churn stomach contents
glandular tissue to produce digestive juices

Question 3

organ systems

Answer 3

a group of organs working together to perform a specific function
e.g. gas exchange system, digestive system, circulatory system

Question 4

digestive system with a muscular tube that includes

Answer 4

glands that produce enzymes
stomach where digestion occurs
liver, which produces bile
small intestine, where digestion occurs
large intestine, where water is absorbed producing faeces

Question 5

villi

Answer 5

a large surface area to absorb soluble food molecules
thin wall to provide a a short diffusion path
good blood supply to carry food molecules

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

made of units of sugar
complex- starch and cellulose- made of long chains of simple sugar
simple sugar- one unit of sugar

Question 7

lipids

Answer 7

molecules made of three molecules of fatty acids linked to a molecule of glycerol

Question 8

proteins

Answer 8

long chains of amino acids which are folded to form a specific shape
other molecules can fit into these specific shapes

Question 9

food test for starch

Answer 9

iodine

Question 10

food test for sugar

Answer 10

blue benedicts solution

Question 11

food test for protein

Answer 11

blue bieuret reagent

Question 12

food test for lipids

Answer 12

ethanol

Question 13

enzymes

Answer 13

biological catalysts- they speed up reactions

Question 14

active site

Answer 14

in an enzyme where its substrate molecule can fit

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

the sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the whole body

Question 16

what can enzymes do

Answer 16

build large molecules from many smaller ones
change one molecule into another one
break down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 17

effect of temperature on enzyme action

Answer 17

reactions take place quicker when its warmer
risks changing the shape of the active site which leads to the enzyme being denatured

Question 18

effect of ph on enzyme action

Answer 18

each enzynme has an optimum ph where the active site has the best shape so that the enzyme works most efficiently

Question 19

digestive enzymes

Answer 19

are produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the small intestine.
comes into contact with food so it is digested

Question 20

amylase

Answer 20

produced in salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
catalyses the digestion of starch into sugars

Question 20

what does the digestive system do

Answer 20

breaks food into smaller pieces to increase the surface area for enzymes to work on
mixes the food with digestive juices contain the enzymes
has muscles to move the food along
has areas with different levels of ph
absorbs the small soluble food molecules into the blood in the small intestine

Question 20

proteases

Answer 20

produced by the stomach, the pancreas, the small intestine
catalyses the breakdown of protein into amino acids

Question 21

bile

Answer 21

neutralises the stomach acid
makes the conditions in the small intestine slightly alkaline
emulsifies fats to increase the surface area of the fats for lipase enzymes to act upon

Question 21

lipase

Answer 21

produced by the pancreas and the small intestine
catalyses the break downs of lipids (fats and oils)