communicable diseases Flashcards
communicable diseases
caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses that can be passed from one to another
what factors can also affect health
diet
stress
life situations
4 pathogens
protist
bacteria
viruses
fungi
how do pathogens spread
air
direct contact
water
binary fission
bacteria rapidly multiplying by simple cell division
how can bacterial growth be prevented
raising or lowering the temperature
disinfectants
antiseptics
antibiotics
how to prevent the spread of communicable diseases
hygiene
isolation
destroying or controlling vectors
vaccination
measles
fever and red skin rash
droplet infection
can be fatal
infected should be isolated
vaccination can prevent it
HIV/ AIDS
hiv can lead to aids
spread by direct sexual contact or by infect blood
no vaccine
HIV attacks the immune system and may take several years before it turns to aids
TMV
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
plant pathogen
discolours the leaves so plant cannot photosynthesise
no treatment
spread between diseased and healthy plants
salmonella
bacterial disease
raw meat, poultry, eggs and egg products
symptoms are fever, abdominal cramps, vomitting and diarrhoea
prevented by vaccinating chickens and good food hygiene
gonorrhoea
STD
bacterial disease
spread by unprotected sexual contact
discharge over genitals
treatment with antibiotics
rose black spot
fungal disease of rose plants
purple or black spots on leaves
leaves turn yellow and drop early so there is less photosynthesis
spread when fungus spores are carried by the wind
malaria
caused by a paristic protist
when person is bitten by a female mosquito
protist enters the blood stream and carried to the liver, then enters red blood cells, busrts out of red blood cells and causes a fever
skin as part of the human defense system
acts as a barrier and produces antimicrobial secretions to kill pathogenic bacteria
the respiratory system as part of the human defense system
hairs and mucus trap pathogens
trachea and bronchioles secrete mucus to trap pathogens
stomach as part of the human defense system
produces acid which kills pathogens
white blood cells as part of the human defense system
ingest pathogens
produce antibodies
produce antitoxins
symptoms of disease in plants
stunted growth
spots on leaves
areas of decay or rotting
growths
malformed stems and leaves
discoloration
plant physical barriers
cellulose cell walls
tough waxy cuticle on surface
bark on trees and a layer of dead cells- barrier
plant chemical barriers
some plants produces poisons
many plants produce antibacterial chemicals
plants defense mechanisms
poisons
thorns
hair stems
dropping or curling when touched
mimicry
