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Neuroscience > Presynaptic > Flashcards

Presynaptic Flashcards

1
Q

how are signals transmitter between neurons

A

via synapses
synaptic transmission

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2
Q

what is the reticular theory

A

the NS was made of continuous mesh of nerve cell processes (axons and dendrites)

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3
Q

how neurons actually work

A

individual contiguous cells - neurons
not continuous

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4
Q

2 types of synapse

A

chemical and electrical

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5
Q

size of synaptic cleft

A

20nm
concentration can change rapidly

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6
Q

chemical synapse

A

signals transmitter through chemical messengers . neurotransmitters

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7
Q

synaptic vesicle structure

A

balls of lipid membrane
40 nm in diameter

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8
Q

individual neuorn releases …

A

one type of neurotransmitter
e.g glutamatergic GABAergic dopaminergic

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9
Q

what are neurotransmitters transported into vesicles via

A

proton antiporters

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10
Q

what generates a proton gradient across vesicle membrane

A

ATPase

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11
Q

what is the proton gradient used for

A

vesicle transporters use gradient to drive the transport of transmitters into secretory vesicles by coupling the translocation of transmitter to H+

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12
Q

function of membrane protein on synaptic vesicle

A

multitude of membrane bound proteins
* docking at presynaptic membrane
* release of neurotransmitter
* filling vesicle with neurotransmitter

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13
Q

transporter of GABA

A

VGAT

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14
Q

transporter of glutamate

A

VGLUTs

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15
Q

transporter of ACh

A

VAChT

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16
Q

transporter of MA

A

VMATs

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17
Q

what is crucial for neurotransmitter release

A

calcium entry
triggered by AP

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18
Q

what type of calcium channels are on presynaptic vesicle

A

voltage dependent calcium channel s

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19
Q

role of SNARE proteins

A

Bring synaptic vesicle close to membrane

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20
Q

how are vesicle brought and fused to the membrane

A

brought by SNARE proteins
close to membrane = dock to membrane
docking and calcium sensing proteins
calcium triggered exocytosis
endocytosis vis Cathrin coated vesicles

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21
Q

what is the cable transmission of neurons

A

axon

22
Q

what part of the axon does an AP initiate

A

Axon initial segment (AIS)

23
Q

structure of Axon initial segment

A
  • high density of voltage gated ion channels
  • membrane proteins
  • unique repertoire of sub membranous cytoskeletal scaffolds
  • generate and shape ap before they are propagated
24
Q

what boundary does Axon initial segment lie

A

between somatodendritic and axonal compartments

25
Q

what are axon collaterals

A

side branches of the axon that allow the neuron to send information to others

26
Q

where are synapses located

A

boutons terminaux
en passant boutons

27
Q

probability of synaptic release

A

stochastic (rendom)
probability 0-1
not the same at all synapses
synaptic and changed by physiological factors

28
Q

what is increased by increased probability of release at synapses

A

synaptic strength goes up
at Probability of release 0 = no synaptic communication

29
Q

calculate Pr (probability of release)

A

Pr = mean number of synapses releasing per trial / total number of synapses

30
Q

how to change probability of release

A

change local intracellular calcium conc

31
Q

ways to alter presynaptic calcium entry

A
  • change extracellular calcium conc
  • apply blockers of presynaptic calcium channels
  • activate presynaptic receptors that alter calcium channel activity
32
Q

short term synaptic plasticity

A

short lived changes in the strength of synaptic coupling that reflect the prior experience/ activity of the synapse

33
Q

what underpins short term synaptic plasticity

A

dynamic changes in release probability

34
Q

what’s the Schaffer collateral commissural pathway (SCCP)

A

connection between CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons

35
Q

experiment into short and long term plasticity

A

Schaffer collateral commissural pathway in hippocampus

36
Q

how to fins an excitation post synaptic potential (EPSP) recording

A
  • place extracellular stimulating electrode on the axons of CA3 neurone
  • place an extracellular stimulating electrode in the dendritic region of CA1
  • record the EPSP
37
Q

frequency =

A

1/ time period

38
Q

what do low frequency responses mean in SCCP experiment

A

stable response - little plasticity

39
Q

what do changes in paired pulse ration reflex

A

transient change in release probability

40
Q

paired pulse facilitation

A

second response (when stimulated) is bigger than the first

41
Q

paired pulse depression

A

second response lower than first

42
Q

do synapses with a low Pr tend to exhibit paired pulse facilitation or paired pulse depression

A

paired pulse facilitation

43
Q

do synapses with a high Pr tend to exhibit paired pulse facilitation or paired pulse depression

A

paired pulse depression

44
Q

Why are you more likely to get facilitation when the synapse has low Pr?

A

Readily release pool
vesicle that did not release NTs the first time are ready for second AP to be release
more vesicles and more NTs

45
Q

why do synapses with high Pr get depression

A

Fewer vesicles - fewer Nts left as they were release in first AP

46
Q

what determines short term plasticity

A

number of vesicles release (presynaptic)

47
Q

Low probability of release (Pr) effect on vesicle release

A

few vesicles released
more vesicles released in response to second action potential = FACILITATION

48
Q

high probability of release (Pr) effect on vesicle release

A

many vesicle released
fewer vesicles available for RRP = DEPRESSION

49
Q

lower calcium release and its effect on paired pulse depression

A

less calcium entry
lower release probability after the first stimulation
less paired pulse depression

50
Q

1

A

Neuroscience (14 decks)

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