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Physiology III Exam 2 > Pressures > Flashcards

Pressures Flashcards

1
Q

What is arterial blood pressure?

A

The pressure created by the interaction of blood with vascular wall
Arterial BP = CO x TPR

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2
Q

Where is > 50% of TPR?

A

Systemic arterioles

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3
Q

Are arteries recoiled or distended during systole?

A

Distended-arterial BP increases to a peak

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4
Q

Are arteries recoiled or distended during diastole?

A

Recoiled-maintain perfusion to tissure beds

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5
Q

What is happening to total blood volume in the arterial tree during diastole?

A

Decreasing = arterial BP falls

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6
Q

What are the 3 auxillary pumps in the body?

A

Systole-distension of arteries
Venous pump
Respiratory pump

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7
Q

What is hydraulic filtering?

A

Stretch (systole) and recoil (diastole) of the arterial tree that normally occurs during the cardiac cycle
(Saves heart work)

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8
Q

With age, what happens to distensibility, and what is the consequence?

A

Decreased distensibility of the arterial tree with age = reduced hydraulic filtering = more work load for heart

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9
Q

During systole, when does pressure peak?

A

As blood is ejected from the left ventricle into aorta

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10
Q

During systole, is left ventricular output (SV) greater than peripheral runoff?

A

Yes = increasing arterial pressure

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11
Q

What are the 2 factors that determine how low diastolic pressure falls?

A 
Cycle length (inversely proportional to DBP)
Total peripheral resistance (proportional to DBP)
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12
Q

Why may diastolic blood pressure not change very much during exercise?

A

Decreased cycle length is offset by decreased TPR (exercise decreases TPR causing dilation of arterioles, metarterioles, and sphincters)

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13
Q

What is mean arterial blood pressure?

A

The area under the curve, and dividing it into pieces

MAP = 1/3 Pulse pressure + DBP

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14
Q

Is mean arterial blood pressure the arithmetical mean between systole and diastole?

A

NO NO NO NO NO

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15
Q

How does the SNS affect blood pressure?

A

Postganglionics release NE

Receptor is alpha–response is constriction of smooth muscle

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16
Q

What happens with constriction of arterioles?

A

Reduced blood flow and helps raise arterial blood pressure

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17
Q

What happens with constriction of arteries?

A

Raise arterial blood pressure

18
Q

What happens with constriction of veins?

A

Increases venous return

19
Q

SNS stimulation causes widespread vasoconstriction causing decreased blood flow with what 3 exceptions?

A

Brain (arterioles weakly innervated by SNS)
Lungs ( “”)
Heart (metabolic demand overrides SNS with vasodilators like adenosine)

20
Q

What is critical closing pressure?

A

Pressure required to keep arterioles from closing completely as arterial pressure falls
Proportional to vascular tone

21
Q

If cardiac output is stopped, what happens to arterial pressure and venous pressure?

A

Arterial pressure falls

Venous pressure rises

22
Q

What is mean circulatory filling pressure?

A

Equilibrium pressure where arterial BP = venous BP

need CO to stop

23
Q

What is mean circulatory filling pressure responsible fore?

A

pressure gradient driving peripheral venous return

24
Q

What may prevent equilibration pressure?

A

Closure of arterioles (critical closing pressure)

25
Q

At a given mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), as central venous pressure (CVP) increases, what happens to venous return?

A

Decreases

26
Q

If mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) = central venous pressure (CVP), what happens to venous return?

A

Goes to 0 (CO also goes to 0 because VR = CO)

27
Q

What is at the point of intersection of a vascular function curve and a cardiac function curve?

A

The point where we live physiologically–where CO = VR

28
Q

As central venous pressure (CVP) increases, cardiac output increases due to what?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic effects

29
Q

What is central venous pressure?

A

The pressure in the central veins (superior and inferior vena cava) at the entry into the right atrium
(right atrial pressure)

30
Q

Where is the vasomotor center?

A

Collection of neurons in the medulla and pons

31
Q

What are the 4 major regions in the vasomotor center?

A

Pressor center-increases blood pressure
Depressor center-decreases blood pressure
Sensory area-mediates baroreceptor reflex
Cardioinhibitory area-stimulates CN X

32
Q

Where is the pressor (vasoconstrictor “C1”) center in the vasomotor center?

A

Anterolateral portions of upper medulla

NE projections to intermediolateral horn (IML) cells

33
Q

What are the effects of the pressor (vasoconstrictor) center?

A

Vasoconstriction
Stimulate cardiac activity
Tonically active exciting SNS outflow

34
Q

Where is the depressor (vasodilator area “A1”) center in the vasomotor center?

A

Anterolateral lower medulla oblongata

35
Q

What are the effects of the depressor (vasodilator) center?

A

Vasodilation

Decreased cardiac activity

36
Q

Where is the sensory area “A2” of the vasomotor center?

A

Posterolateral portions of pons and medulla in nucleus tractus solitarius

37
Q

Where does the sensory area recieve input from?

A

CN IX & X

38
Q

Where does the sensory area send output to?

A

Pressor and depressor centers

39
Q

What are the effects of the sensory area of the vasomotor center?

A

Mediates baroreceptor reflex

  • Inhibits pressor center
  • Lowers blood pressure
40
Q

Where is the cardioinhibitory area of the vasomotor center?

A

Medially next to dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMNV)

41
Q

What are the effects of the cardioinhibitory area of the vasomotor center?

A

Transmits impulses into the dorsal nucleus of vagus (DMNV) inhibiting heart activity

42
Q

What does sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone do and where does it receive input from?

A

Maintains normal arterial blood pressure

Due to pressor center input

Physiology III Exam 2 (7 decks)

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