PRESSURE GROUP TACTICS AND METHODS Flashcards
What are the 4 main methods used of pressure groups
Political campaigning
Lobbying
Direct action
Boycotts
Plenty of Us pressure groups focus especially on what vs uk
Securing the election of candidates favourable to them
Many groups make campaign donations though what
PACs and super PACs
Who are EMILY’s list
a pressure group that works to select and elect pro-choice politicians to congress
All group distributed goes to liberal, female candidates
How much did EMILY’s list donate over 2020 election
45m
groups often endorse who
Candidates
Some groups issue what at election time
Voting records of how candidates voted in the past
What are access points
Different levels and institutions of gov groups will target to influence
what are 3 access points
Congress
State legislatures
Federal agencies
What is the most effective method of a group
Lobbying
many pressure groups have offices where so they can do what
Washington dc and state capitals
Supply specialist policy information to legislators
What is K street
A street in washington dc where many big lobbying firms are based
Many lobbyists are what
former members of congress or former high-ranking federal bureaucrats
What is the revolving door syndrome
When former legislators or bureaucrats go from positions in the legislature or executive into lobbying
What did trump do for lobbying
2017 issued an executive order that members of his administration couldn’t lobby for 5 years after leaving
Revoked the order on his last day in office jan 2021
Lobbying what federal agency can be effective
Environment protection agency
What happened to the 2010 Dodd-frank act
By 2014 federal agencies had only written 200 of the 400 required regulations
This delay was due to extensive lobbying
What are “amicus curiae briefs”
documents made by lawyers and contain info to influence judges
Example of a case with amicus curiae briefs
in 2021 80 briefs were presented during the fulton V philadelphia case
Case about city council withdrawing a fostering contract with a roman catholic adoption service not allowing gay-couples to adopt
How many amicus curiae briefs were submitted for obergefell v hodges
148 record
How many amicus curiae briefs were submitted for brown vs board of education of topeka
6
Groups often lobby the senate over what
USSC nominees
Example of groups campaigning against a USSC nomination
Many women’s and civil rights groups strongly lobbied against Bork’s nomination in 1987
What is the most commonly used method used by outsider groups
direct action
Most direct action takes the form of what
Mass demonstrations but can include strikes
What movement heavily used direct action
MLK and civil rights in 1950’s and 1960’s
direct action can get associated with what
Riots and violence
Example of a violent direct action
BLM protest in 2016 led to 5 police officers dying
Example of direct action over gun control
Following school shootings in florida in 2018 hundreds and thousands of students took part in “march for our lives” campaign for gun control
Example of direct action causing a riot
jan 2021 capitol attack
Done as right-wing conservative groups thought election was rigged
Is direct action more effective than lobbying
no
Arguments that lobbying is more effective than direct action
Publicity hard to contain over a long-term
can be linked to violence and law-breaking
Example of a boycott
Rosa parks in the montgomery bus boycott in 1955-56
Economic pressure used by who to pressure law-makers
Businesses and celebrities
