prescribing tasks Flashcards
how are 8 week immunisations administered?
2 intramuscular injections and drops into the mouth for rotavirus
Hexavalent Vaccine (6-in-1):
Typically includes protection against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
Hepatitis B (HepB)
Oral Rotavirus Vaccine:
Rotavirus vaccines are usually administered orally as drops. There are two main types: RotaTeq and Rotarix. Both are designed to protect against rotavirus infections.
Other Injection Vaccines:
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13): This is an injectable vaccine to protect against diseases caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
what vaccines are administered in the 8 week immunisations
1) the 6 in 1 vaccine which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b and hep B
2) pneumococcal vaccine
3) rotavirus vaccine
4) men B vaccine
what are the different routes of administration of paracetamol?
oral tablet, capsule, suspension, orodispersible tablet, effervescent tablet, per-rectum, IV
what class of medications is mesalazine, what is it used for, and how does it work
aminosalicylates and it is for IBD –> decreases inflammation of GI tract by preventing leucocyte recruitment into bowel wall
in what ways can mesalazine be administered
oral tablets capsules or granules; liquid or foam enemas; suppositories
in what situations do you give oral mesalazine over rectal
rectal administration is for proctitis
oral is for when the UC has spread throughout the entire colon –> pancolitis
for left-sided disease (rectum + sigmoid have UC) you can still use rectal foam mesalazine
what is the traffic light system
a colour coded system that provides guidance on who is responsible for prescribing and monitoring different medications
red category are considered suitable only for a consultant or specialist to initiate and continue prescribing
Amber drugs are initiated in secondary care or another specialist setting, but are suitable for GPs to continue on-going prescribing under a shared care protocol
Green drugs are deemed suitable for initiation and ongoing prescribing in primary care.
what type of drugs would cause pre-renal damage?
the once which decrease perfusion to kidney –> NSAIDs, ACE-inhibitors, diuretics
what type of drugs cause intra-renal damage
the ones which are directly toxic to the glomerular interstitial tissue
antibiotics
diuretics
NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors
what type of drugs cause post-renal damage
the ones which cause urinary tract obstruction due to urinary retention or stone formation
anticholinergics may cause retention
sulphonamides (class of antibiotics) and methotrexate –> cause crystalluria
doxazosin vs tamsulosin
they are both alpha 1 blockers used in BPH but tamsulosin is more specific for bladder alpha receptor and it doesn’t cause vasodilation of the systemic blood vessels which also have the alpha receptors. Doxazosin is less selective –> also causes systemic vasodilation
when an old man takes tamsulosin for his LUTS and wants to get cataract surgery why is it important that he lets his doctor know that he is taking tamsulosin
because he can get Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome and the surgeon must modify their surgical approach to avoid that
explain why a man can have reduced ejaculation if they are on tamsulosin
because of retrograde ejaculation –> because they are taking an alpha blocker the bladder sphincter is more relaxed so some of the ejaculate flows into the bladder instead of out
what is a big side effect of tamsulosin?
postural hypotension
what is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?
methotrexate competitively inhibits an enzyme of folic acid to prevent DNA synthesis
