annoying things that can appear in SAQ

Question 1

What are your 2 legal duties as a doctor

Answer 1

1) death certificate
2) report infections to Public Health

Confirmed case: clinical diagnosis with lab confirmation (immediate PH action)

Probable case: clinical case with no lab confirmation, but meningococcal disease is most likely (immediate PH action)

Possible case: no lab confirmation and other diagnosis is equally likely (no immediate PH action)

Question 2

what is contact tracing

Answer 2

tracing any person who has had close contact with an infectious case in the past 7 days

Close contact includes kissing, sleeping with, spending the night together or spending in excess of eight hours in the same room

Question 3

what are examples of infectious diseases which need notifying for public health control

Answer 3

meningitis, cholera, covid-19, typhoid fever, food poisoning, leprosy, malaria, measles, mumps, plague, rabies, rubella, SARS, smallpox, TB, Tetanus, Yellow fever, Whooping cough , Typhus, Anthrax, scarlet fever

Question 4

what diseases are exceptions from notifying

Answer 4

sexually transmitted diseases –> they didn’t want any stigma attached and people not coming forward with infection due to shame –> No HIV, Hep B, Gonorrhoea

Question 5

what are the advantages of live attenuated vaccines

Answer 5

immune response closer to a real infection
lower and fewer doses required
oral administration –> less invasive

Question 6

what are the limitations of live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 6

live attenuated vaccines may not be as attenuated in immunocompromised hosts

Question 7

what effect does late HIV diagnosis have on survival risk

Answer 7

Late diagnosis = ten-fold increased risk of death in the first year of diagnosis

Question 8

what are the HIV UNIAIDS targets?

Answer 8

UNIAIDS 90/90/90 goals – the global target of:
- 90% of people living with HIV being diagnosed
- 90% diagnosed on ART (antiretroviral therapy)
- 90% viral suppression for those on ART by 2020

Question 9

What are the benefits of knowing HIV status

Answer 9

Access to appropriate treatment and care
Reduction in morbidity and mortality
Reduction in mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT)
Reduction of sexual transmission
Public health
Cost-effective
Early diagnosis is cost-effective – savings on social care, lost working days, benefits claimed, costs associated with further onward transmission