Preschoolers Flashcards
Defining characteristics of Preschoolers
3-6 yrs age more mobile/verbal/explorative Traits: independence and courage Socialization and prep for school Ability to be task oriented
Characteristics of 3 yr old
Copies friends/adults
Shows affection w/out prompts
takes turns and gets “mine” “his” “hers”
range of emotions and upsets when routine changes
What age can you draw a circle?
3 years old
What age can you draw a square?
4 yrs
What age can you draw a triangle?
5 yrs
What age can you draw a box / lines
6 yrs
What age can you draw a diamond?
7yrs
What can child do at 3 yrs old?
helps w/ dressing, stacks 10 cubes, rides tricycle, throws overhand, walks up stairs w/ alternating feet
Observe they: broad jump, stand on one foot for 1 sec
What can child do at 4 yrs age?
Dress self, brushes own teeth
Observe they can: stand on one foot for 3 secs, copies a cross
When does child draw simple figure of person with just a head an one body part
4 yrs old
What can child do at 5 yrs old?
Pour own food, ride bike w/ no training wheels, skip and draw person w/ 6 dif body parts
Define Epigenesis
Stages of devo requiring successful completion before going to next stage:
CC: child adopted from another country may need help d/t attachment issues that may have been missed in earlier stages of devo
What theory is Erikson responsible for
Psychosocial
What theory did Piaget develope?
Cognitive
What theory did Freud develop?
Psychosexual
What theory did Kohlberg develop?
Moral
From age 3-6, what psychosocial crisis is experienced?
Initiative Vs Guilt
-Is it okay for me to do, move, act?
What is the key relationship in the Initiative vs Guilt stage?
Family
What pyschosocial stage is experienced from 0-1 yrs?
Trust vs Mistrust
-Can i trust the world
Key relationship in the Trust vs Mistrust
Mother
What is the key pyschosocial crisis experienced from 2-3?
autonomy vs shame and doubt
-Is it okay to be me?
What is the key relationship during the autonomy vs shame stage?
Parents
What virtue is developed in autonomy vs shame stage?
Will
What virtue is developed in Trust vs Mistrust
Hope
What virtue is developed in Initiative vs Guilt stage?
Purpose
List Piagets four stages of development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Sensorimotor
Infant goes from reflexive to instinctual action at birth to begining of symbolic thought. Begins to construct understanding of world by coordination sensory experiences w/ physical actions
World through SENSES and ACTIONS
Age: 0-2
Preoperational
Child represents world with words and images that reflect increased symbolic thinking and go beyond connection of sensory information and physical action
World through LANGUAGES and MENTAL IMAGES
Age: 2-7
Concrete Operational
Child reasons logically about concrete events and classifies objects into different sets
World through LOGICAL THINKING AND CATEGORIES
Age: 7-11
Formal Operational
Adolescent reasons in more abstract and logical ways, thought is more idealistic
World through HYPOTHETICAL THINKING AND SCIENTIFIC REASONING
11-15
Theory of Preoperational Stage Characteristics
Egocentrism: unable to see perspective of others
CC: child can devo anxiety of things can’t control
Responsible for Animism/Animistic Thinking
Freuds Stages of Pysychosexual Devo
Oral: 0-2 Anal:2-3 Phallic:3-7 Latency:7-11 Genital: 11-adult
Characteristic of Phallic phase
3-7
Child learns to realize dif btwn male and female and becomes aware of sexuality
Oedipus Complex
During phallic phase: male has murderous feelings for dad, will feel guilty, and fears retaliation via castration
Male attraction for mother
-if unresolved, date people like mother
Electra Complex
During Phallic phase for girls,
- penis envy
- if unresolved date people like their father
Successful Resolution of the Oedipus Complex or Electra Complex
Superego (conscience)
Kohlbergs Moral Stages
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Post-Conventional
Preconventional
How can I avoid punishment and what in it for me
Level 1 of Kohlbergs moral stages
Conventional
How can I be good? How to I keep on the down low?
Stage 2 of kohlbergs moral stages
Post Conventional
How can we achieve best for most? How can I achieve justice for all?
Stage 3
Pre-Conventional Stages
Right and wrong determined by rewards/punishments
- Punishment/obediance. Whatever leads to punishment is wrong
- Rewards: the right way to behave is the way that is rewarded
Conventional Morality
Views of others matter. Avoidance of blame; seeking approval
Stage 3; Good intentions, behaving in ways that conform to ‘good behavior’
Stage 4: Obedience to authority. Importance of doing ones duty
Post Conventional Morality
Abstract notions of justice. Rights of others can override obedience to law/rules
- Difference between moral and legal right. Recognition that rules should sometimes be broken
- Individual principles of conscience. Takes account of likely view of everyone affected by a moral decision
Goodness of Fit
How temperament and environment together produce favorable outcomes
Involves creating child rearing environments that recognize each child’s temperament while ENCOURAGING adaptive functioning
Goodness of Fit
Teaching preschoolers
Open + honest communication creates lifelong closeness w/ them
Focus on rules, responsibilities and consequences
Teach child to be independent and safe
