Birth to 15 Months Flashcards
Master lecture 1
What does APGAR stand for?
Appearance Pulse Grimace (relex irritability) Activity (muscle tone) Respiration
What is the cutoff for prematurity?
Very premature?
Status of Infant Mortality in US?
<32 weeks
Very high for developed country
What are key Maternal Issues post- partum?
Post-partum Depression–normal up to 2 weeks post delivery, past this time may devo to full blown w/ symptoms of extreme depression that affect psycosoial devo of child– apx 5-10%
What % develop into full blown post-partum depression
1%
What impacts prenatal devo?
SES, Nutrition of mother, Exposure to teratogens, illnesses
Key Newborn characteristic for: Feeding Survival Motor Devo Early personal-social devo
crying, sucking, rooting
moro, grasping, head control
tracking
What are the 9 Temperment Characteristics from birth (Thomas/Chess)
Activity level, Persistence, Distractibility, Initial rxn, Adaptability, Mood, Intensity, Sensitivity, Regularity
Key features of Parenting
Goodness-of-fit (parenting style and temperment), Playing, Eating, Sleeping (sleep training)
Attachment
-via John Bowlby in early 20th
-creating relationship based on CRITICAL NEEDS to increase survival
-“Bonding” not necessariy survival BUT impacts life
-“Mothers” available/responsive to needs to create sense of security
Proximity seeking behaviors
Contact maintaining behaviors
What are contact maintaining behavoirs?
-Safe haven
-Safe base
-Seperation Distress
~ part of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
Key features of Harlow’s monkeys
- prefered cloth surrogate
- Devo strange behaviors later~ rocking/misdirected aggresion/atypical sexual behavior
- Became “motherless mothers’
Harlow’s caregivers represent
warmth, food and safety + love, acceptance and affection
Characteristics of Infant Attachment
Vocalizations Interactions Social Smiles Devo's complexity Groundwork for future relationships
“Strange Situation”
How child responds to being left alone and reunified with caregiver
Series of 8 episodes, starting with caregiver, adding a stranger, developing a secure base, ect
Securely Attached Child Can:
separate from parent
seek comfort from parent
return of parent met positively
prefers parent to stranger
Securely Attached Children– to Adults
Adults can: devo trusting and lasting relationships
trends toward good self-esteem
comfortable sharing feelings
seeks out social support
Who developed theory of intellegence?
Jean Piaget
Theory of Intellegence
Adaption to enviroment; able to balance needs v demands
Cognition moves us past action– to symbolic thought
Organizes in schemes
Displays both adaption assimilation and accomidation
Picture of Cat and Dog: labeled as Dog and Dog is exampled of what?
Assimilation
Picture of Cat and Dog: labeled as Cat and Dog is exampled of what?
Accomidation
What type of cognitive development occurs from birth to 2 yrs?
Sensorimotor period
- Exercising reflexes
- Primary Circular Rxns
- Secondary Circular Rxns
- Coordination of secondary schemes
- Teriary Circular Rxns
- Intention of new means through mental combination
What and When do we devo exercising reflexes?
(0-1 month) = reflex activity, sensorimotor
What and when do we devo Primary Circular Rxns?
(1-4 months)= activities w/ own body repeated, coordination
What and when do we devo Secondary Circular Rxns?
(4-8 months) = actions to make interests persist, involves events or objects
What/When do we devo Coordination of secondary Schemes?
(8-12 months) = combining schemes to obtain goal
What/When do we devo Tertiary Circular Rxns?
(12-18 months) = Trial and error, goal seeking for novel results
What/When do we devo Intention of new means through mental combination?
(18-24 months)= representational thought begins
What occurs after the Sensorimotor Period?
Preoperational Period (2-7 years) -Acquire language and symbolic figures
What is play important?
promotes understanding and symbolic thought - Vygotsky
Types of play during sensorimotor period:
Banging objects/combing objects to create relationship/relational activities/symbolic or pretend play
Novelty Preference
Infant prefers objects that are new/novel
Habituation
form of learning in which infant decreases response to stimulus after repeated presentations
Modes of information Processing
Novelty preference Habituation Memory Reaction times Anticipation of patterns Problem solving
When can a child retrieve partially hidden objects
By month 6
When can child search for object totally hidden
By 9 months
When can child find a toy displaced from original hiding place?
By 2 years
Define Concept of Object permanence
Differentiates self from others
Sees self as capable of intentional action
Realizes things continue to exist when no longer immediately sensed
Auditory Acuity
from birth- child can respond to a voice
Responds to/discriminates sounds
Localizes a sound (over first 6 months)
Speech Patterns
- By 1 year
- rhythms of native langauge
- Discriminates patterns of sound–melodies
Comprehension
Responds to words and short phrases-by 9 months
Has 50 words by 1 year
Expressive Communication: 1-10 months
Early vocalizations that occur = cooing by 2 months babbling by 4 Chains of sound by 7/8 Different syllables by 10
Speaking follows comprehension by _____
and objects by _____
1 month
1 year
When do gestures devo by?
by 1 year
From 1-2 yrs, for each new word produced, how many are comprehended?
5 new words
When do children begin 2 word combinations
1-2 years and 50-100 words
When do children speak in simple sentances?
By 3 years
What type of eye movement do children have at 2-4 months?
have control over focusing and tracking
When does pre-reaching decline?
1-4 months
When does intentional reaching/grasping with whole hand occur?
3-4 months
When can child successfully reach/transfer by hands?
5 months
When can child voluntarily release objects?
6 months
When does pincer grasp usually devo?
By 1 year
Social and emotional Devo at 3 months
Growing self-regulation and interest in world; can be comforted and direct attention
sensory and emotional reactions organize
Social and Emotional Devo at 5 months
Engage in relationships: display + emotion, engagement, satisfaction towards others
Social and Emotional Devo at 9 months
use emotions in interactive and purposeful manner
Social and Emotional Devo at 14 months
uses series of interactive emotional signals or gestures to communicate
Social and Emotional Devo at 18 months
uses signals to solve problems
Social and Emotional Devo at 24 months
uses symbols or ideas to convey feelings
Social and Emotional Devo at 30 months
uses symbols or ideas to express more than basic needs
Social and Emotional Devo at 42 months
create logical bridges between emotions and ideas
Trust V Mistrust devos when?
is what?
leads to what virtue?
Occurs during infancy
Parental nurturing and care, primary event = feeding
HOPE
Trust vs mistrust at infancy develops:
sense of basic trust in world and ability to affect events around you:
- consistency of caregiver is predictable and reliable
- leads to feeling secure even when threatened
- failure to devo this results in lack of confidence in world and own abilities
Autonomy Vs Shame occurs when?
Leads to what virtue?
is what?
- toddlerhood: 18 months to 2/3 yrs
- Virtue of WILL
- ability to do things independently, primary event is = Toilet training
Primary event of Trust v Mistrust
Feeding
Primary event of Autonomy Vs Shame
toilet training
Autonomy Vs Shame develops what?
Sense of self control, personal control over enviro
- bodily fnx, eating, toys and play, clothing
- leads to feelings of secure confidence, separateness
- failure here leads to sense of inadequacy and self-doubt
