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Foundations of Human Behavior: 1 > Birth to 15 Months > Flashcards

Birth to 15 Months Flashcards

Master lecture 1

1
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (relex irritability)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration
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2
Q

What is the cutoff for prematurity?
Very premature?
Status of Infant Mortality in US?

A

<32 weeks

Very high for developed country

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3
Q

What are key Maternal Issues post- partum?

A

Post-partum Depression–normal up to 2 weeks post delivery, past this time may devo to full blown w/ symptoms of extreme depression that affect psycosoial devo of child– apx 5-10%

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4
Q

What % develop into full blown post-partum depression

A

1%

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5
Q

What impacts prenatal devo?

A

SES, Nutrition of mother, Exposure to teratogens, illnesses

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6
Q 
Key Newborn characteristic for: 
Feeding
Survival
Motor Devo
Early personal-social devo
A

crying, sucking, rooting
moro, grasping, head control
tracking

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7
Q

What are the 9 Temperment Characteristics from birth (Thomas/Chess)

A

Activity level, Persistence, Distractibility, Initial rxn, Adaptability, Mood, Intensity, Sensitivity, Regularity

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8
Q

Key features of Parenting

A

Goodness-of-fit (parenting style and temperment), Playing, Eating, Sleeping (sleep training)

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9
Q

Attachment

A

-via John Bowlby in early 20th
-creating relationship based on CRITICAL NEEDS to increase survival
-“Bonding” not necessariy survival BUT impacts life
-“Mothers” available/responsive to needs to create sense of security
Proximity seeking behaviors
Contact maintaining behaviors

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10
Q

What are contact maintaining behavoirs?

A

-Safe haven
-Safe base
-Seperation Distress
~ part of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

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11
Q

Key features of Harlow’s monkeys

A
  • prefered cloth surrogate
  • Devo strange behaviors later~ rocking/misdirected aggresion/atypical sexual behavior
  • Became “motherless mothers’
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12
Q

Harlow’s caregivers represent

A

warmth, food and safety + love, acceptance and affection

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13
Q

Characteristics of Infant Attachment

A 
Vocalizations
Interactions
Social Smiles
Devo's complexity
Groundwork for future relationships
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14
Q

“Strange Situation”

A

How child responds to being left alone and reunified with caregiver
Series of 8 episodes, starting with caregiver, adding a stranger, developing a secure base, ect

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15
Q

Securely Attached Child Can:

A

separate from parent
seek comfort from parent
return of parent met positively
prefers parent to stranger

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16
Q

Securely Attached Children– to Adults

A

Adults can: devo trusting and lasting relationships
trends toward good self-esteem
comfortable sharing feelings
seeks out social support

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17
Q

Who developed theory of intellegence?

A

Jean Piaget

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18
Q

Theory of Intellegence

A

Adaption to enviroment; able to balance needs v demands
Cognition moves us past action– to symbolic thought
Organizes in schemes
Displays both adaption assimilation and accomidation

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19
Q

Picture of Cat and Dog: labeled as Dog and Dog is exampled of what?

A

Assimilation

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20
Q

Picture of Cat and Dog: labeled as Cat and Dog is exampled of what?

A

Accomidation

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21
Q

What type of cognitive development occurs from birth to 2 yrs?

A

Sensorimotor period

  • Exercising reflexes
  • Primary Circular Rxns
  • Secondary Circular Rxns
  • Coordination of secondary schemes
  • Teriary Circular Rxns
  • Intention of new means through mental combination
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22
Q

What and When do we devo exercising reflexes?

A

(0-1 month) = reflex activity, sensorimotor

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23
Q

What and when do we devo Primary Circular Rxns?

A

(1-4 months)= activities w/ own body repeated, coordination

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24
Q

What and when do we devo Secondary Circular Rxns?

A

(4-8 months) = actions to make interests persist, involves events or objects

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25
Q

What/When do we devo Coordination of secondary Schemes?

A

(8-12 months) = combining schemes to obtain goal

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26
Q

What/When do we devo Tertiary Circular Rxns?

A

(12-18 months) = Trial and error, goal seeking for novel results

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27
Q

What/When do we devo Intention of new means through mental combination?

A

(18-24 months)= representational thought begins

28
Q

What occurs after the Sensorimotor Period?

A 
Preoperational Period (2-7 years)
-Acquire language and symbolic figures
29
Q

What is play important?

A

promotes understanding and symbolic thought - Vygotsky

30
Q

Types of play during sensorimotor period:

A

Banging objects/combing objects to create relationship/relational activities/symbolic or pretend play

31
Q

Novelty Preference

A

Infant prefers objects that are new/novel

32
Q

Habituation

A

form of learning in which infant decreases response to stimulus after repeated presentations

33
Q

Modes of information Processing

A 
Novelty preference
Habituation
Memory
Reaction times
Anticipation of patterns
Problem solving
34
Q

When can a child retrieve partially hidden objects

A

By month 6

35
Q

When can child search for object totally hidden

A

By 9 months

36
Q

When can child find a toy displaced from original hiding place?

A

By 2 years

37
Q

Define Concept of Object permanence

A

Differentiates self from others
Sees self as capable of intentional action
Realizes things continue to exist when no longer immediately sensed

38
Q

Auditory Acuity

A

from birth- child can respond to a voice
Responds to/discriminates sounds
Localizes a sound (over first 6 months)

39
Q

Speech Patterns

A
  • By 1 year
  • rhythms of native langauge
  • Discriminates patterns of sound–melodies
40
Q

Comprehension

A

Responds to words and short phrases-by 9 months

Has 50 words by 1 year

41
Q

Expressive Communication: 1-10 months

A 
Early vocalizations that occur = 
cooing by 2 months  
babbling by 4
Chains of sound by 7/8
Different syllables by 10
42
Q

Speaking follows comprehension by _____

and objects by _____

A

1 month

1 year

43
Q

When do gestures devo by?

A

by 1 year

44
Q

From 1-2 yrs, for each new word produced, how many are comprehended?

A

5 new words

45
Q

When do children begin 2 word combinations

A

1-2 years and 50-100 words

46
Q

When do children speak in simple sentances?

A

By 3 years

47
Q

What type of eye movement do children have at 2-4 months?

A

have control over focusing and tracking

48
Q

When does pre-reaching decline?

A

1-4 months

49
Q

When does intentional reaching/grasping with whole hand occur?

A

3-4 months

50
Q

When can child successfully reach/transfer by hands?

A

5 months

51
Q

When can child voluntarily release objects?

A

6 months

52
Q

When does pincer grasp usually devo?

A

By 1 year

53
Q

Social and emotional Devo at 3 months

A

Growing self-regulation and interest in world; can be comforted and direct attention
sensory and emotional reactions organize

54
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 5 months

A

Engage in relationships: display + emotion, engagement, satisfaction towards others

55
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 9 months

A

use emotions in interactive and purposeful manner

56
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 14 months

A

uses series of interactive emotional signals or gestures to communicate

57
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 18 months

A

uses signals to solve problems

58
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 24 months

A

uses symbols or ideas to convey feelings

59
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 30 months

A

uses symbols or ideas to express more than basic needs

60
Q

Social and Emotional Devo at 42 months

A

create logical bridges between emotions and ideas

61
Q

Trust V Mistrust devos when?
is what?
leads to what virtue?

A

Occurs during infancy
Parental nurturing and care, primary event = feeding
HOPE

62
Q

Trust vs mistrust at infancy develops:

A

sense of basic trust in world and ability to affect events around you:

  • consistency of caregiver is predictable and reliable
  • leads to feeling secure even when threatened
  • failure to devo this results in lack of confidence in world and own abilities
63
Q

Autonomy Vs Shame occurs when?
Leads to what virtue?
is what?

A
  • toddlerhood: 18 months to 2/3 yrs
  • Virtue of WILL
  • ability to do things independently, primary event is = Toilet training
64
Q

Primary event of Trust v Mistrust

A

Feeding

65
Q

Primary event of Autonomy Vs Shame

A

toilet training

66
Q

Autonomy Vs Shame develops what?

A

Sense of self control, personal control over enviro

  • bodily fnx, eating, toys and play, clothing
  • leads to feelings of secure confidence, separateness
  • failure here leads to sense of inadequacy and self-doubt

Foundations of Human Behavior: 1 (7 decks)

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