Prenatal Period Flashcards
The stage where it begins at conception and lasts until the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine wall. Cell division and differentiation are main qualities of this stage
Germinal Stage
Stage where it begins at implantation and lasts until about eight weeks. Major organs and body parts develop almost daily.
Embryonic Stage
Begins at about eight weeks and lasts until birth. Elaboration of the existing organs and structures occurs and the brain develops rapidly
Fetal Stage
It takes the zygote to reach the uterus how many days?
2-3 days
Two membranes surround and protect the embryo. The first grows over the embryo and becomes filled with amniotic fluid.
Amnion
The second membrane grows over embryo after one month of development. It helps form the placenta
Chorion
Three cell layers are formed during the third week of prenatal development
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm
This layer becomes the skin and nervous system
Ectoderm
This layer becomes the muscles, bones, and circulatory system
Mesoderm
This layer becomes the digestive system and lungs
Endoderm
The stage in which is marked by growth and elaboration of the structures that develop. Final and longest phase of prenatal development
Fetal Stage
Around the 16th week, many mothers feel the fine movements of the unborn child.
Quickening
This month marks the age of viability
7th month
Exposure to teratogens during the ______ stage will affect the organs and body structures that are undergoing rapid development.
Embryonic
Exposure to teratogens during the ______ stage when the brain is developing quickly, may damage the nervous system and brain, affecting later behavior or intelligence.
Fetal
Some of the characteristics for FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) are:
A.) Abnormally flat face and nose
B.) Narrow head
C.) Delayed and retarded physical growth
D.) Heart defects
E. All of the above
E - All of the above
Women who drink alcohol moderately (one or two drinks per day) may be at risk giving birth children with this.
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)
Children of smokers have deficits in:
A.) Motor coordination
B.) Brain Development
C.) Physical Growth
D.) Spatial and reading abilities
E.) All of the above
E - all of the above
Women who use ____ during pregnancy have more miscarriages, stilbirths, and lower-birthweight babies than do other women.
Cocaine
Infants of mothers who use ____ are born addicted to the drug and undergo withdrawal.
Heroin
Major source of protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamins B12, and D
Milk & Dairy Products
Milk & Dairy products are needed for the following except:
A.) Growth of uterus, breasts
B.) Formation of strong bones, teeth
C.) Growth of placenta and baby
D.) Digestion and appetite
E.) Increased blood volume
D - Digestion and appetite
What are the main benefits of having meat and meat alternatives in a expectant mother’s diet?
red blood cell formation, digestion and appetite
What are the main benefits of having vegetables and fruits in a expectant mother’s diet?
healthy skin and eys, formation fo blood and blood vessels, and formation of bone, teeth, skin, cartilage
What are the benefits of having breads & cereals in a expectant mother’s diet?
formation of nerve and digestive system
In general, how many pounds should you gain during the first months?
- about 2-4 pounds*
- *a pound a week after that for the remainder of the pregnancy*
This vitamin has been shown to reduce the risk of neural tube or spinal cord defects that cause conditions such as spina bifida
- Folate*
- *cereals, breads, pastas, asparagus, orange juice, lentils, wheat germ, beans, avocados, green leafy vegetables, and oranges*
This vitamin works closely with folate to make red blood cells that carry oxygen and other nutrients to your developing baby.
vitamin B12
This mineral is essential for making hemoglobin, a part of the blood that carries oxygen to your developing baby and also prevents you from becoming anemic.
Iron
This vitamin makes proteins in your body, which are then used to make the baby’s body cells.
Vitamin B6
This vitamin helps in the extra absorption of calcium needed for your baby’s developing bones and teeth.
Vitamin D
This vitamin helps your body absorb iron from plant foods including whole grain breads, fortified breakfast cereals, and spinach.
Vitamin C
This mineral is essential for your baby’s cell growth and developing brain.
Zinc
For about 50 percent of infertile couples, the conditions that complicate conception are related to the ______.
mother
About 20 percent of infertile couples have conception problems that are attributed to the ______.
father
Remaining 30 percent there are complications involving _______ or unknown factors.
both parents
