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FCS 330 Keating > Child Development Theory > Flashcards

Child Development Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Emphasizes overt behavior; what people do

A

Behaviorism

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2
Q

Impact of historical, social, and cultural context

A

Contextual(ism)

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3
Q

Focuses on the thought processes; what people think

A

Cognitive/Interactionism

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4
Q

Focsues on emotions, unconscious determinants

A

Psychodynamic/Analytic

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5
Q

Known as the inherent behavior

A

Evolutionary Theory

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6
Q

These two gentleman were involved with classical conditioning expermients

A

Watson & Pavlov

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7
Q

He found a method to decondition fears by using systematic desensitization

A

Watson

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8
Q

The type of learning through repeated pairing of stimulus and response (focus on the stimulus)

A

classical conditioning

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9
Q

Focuses on how the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated

A

Operant Conditioning

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10
Q

Behavior is more likely to occur after the presentation

A

positive reinforcement

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11
Q

Removing of a negative, or aversive, condition

A

negative reinforcement

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12
Q

The application of unpleasant consequences to decrease the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated

A

punishment

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13
Q

He was concerned with how the environment shapes people’s behaviors

A

Skinner

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14
Q

Individuals are greatly influenced by other people

A

Social Learning Theory

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15
Q

He believes that children and adults imitate, or model, the behavior of other people through modeling, which allows individuals to learn new behaviors

A

Bandura

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16
Q

There are 4 steps to modeling:

HINT: A.R.M.R.M

A
  • Attention*
  • Retention*
  • Motor Reproduction*
  • Reinforcement and Motivation*
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17
Q

He believed that children use different thought processes

A

Jean Piaget

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18
Q

These are cognitive guides, blueprints for processing information

A

schemes

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19
Q

Piaget stated that there are 4 stages of cognitive development in children:

A

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational Stage

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20
Q

This is the stage where the child interacts with the environment by manipulating objects

A

Sensori-motor

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21
Q

The stage where a child’s manner of thinking is dominated by perception, is capable of symbolic functioning; language dvelopment occurs; and influenced by own perception of environment

(Preconceptual: 2-4 yrs / Intuitive 4-7 yrs)

A

Preoperational

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22
Q

At this stage the child uses logic in problem solving; logical reasoning can only be applied to objects that are real or can be seen

(7-11 1/2 years)

A

Concrete Operations

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23
Q

The child can think logically about potential events or abstract ideas

(11/12+)

A

Formal Operations

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24
Q

Based on the idea that people have limited capacities for learning but can flexily apply strategies to find ways around those limitations

A

Information Processing

25
Q

There are three stages in the Information Processing Theory:

A
  • Environmental Stimuli (Input)*
  • Sensory Register (SR)*
  • Short-Term (working) Memory*
  • Long-Term Memory*
26
Q

Part of the Information Processing Theory where it allows people to briefly retain visual, auditory, and other information through the senses

A

sensory register

27
Q

This is what allows for the information to be held long enough for the person to evaluate and selectively act on inputs

A

short-term memory

28
Q

Storing of information for a long period of time

A

Long-term memory

29
Q

This man believed that “sexual energy” is innately driven to specific errogenous zones

A

Freud

30
Q

The five stages that Freud proposed in the Psychosexual Theory

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

31
Q

A person who did not achieve full satisfaction of errogenous zones is said to develop this _____

A

fixation

32
Q

He proposed that individuals go through a series of stages representing psychosocial crises
(represent critical periods in personality development)

A

Erikson

33
Q

In this stage the child develops a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection

A

Trust vs Mistrust

34
Q

Ability to do things for oneself

A

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

35
Q

High and realistic sense of ambition and independence

A

Initiative vs Guilt

36
Q

Active and satisfying involvment in activities

A

Industry vs Inferiority

37
Q

Determination of one’s identity

A

Identity vs Identity Diffusion

38
Q

Ability to commit to another and establish a close, loving relationship

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

39
Q

Incorporation of the needs of others into one’s personal life

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

40
Q

Health adjustment to aging and mortality

A

Integrity vs Despair

41
Q

The distance between what a child can do unaided and what a child can do through interaction with skilled helpers is called _____

HINT: Vygotsky

A

zone of proximal development

42
Q

This occurs with support of the MKO (More Knowledgeable Other)

A

scaffolding

43
Q

Theory based on interplay between child and environments; multiple interacting systems influence development

A

Ecological Model

*Bronfenbrenner

44
Q

Inner sphere of ecological model, represents the immediate environment and includes influences such as physical objects, structure of the environment, and roles of relationships among family members

A

microsystem

45
Q

Middle sphere of ecological model, connections among settings including child (school, extended family)

A

Mesosystem

46
Q

Part of the model that represents linkages among settings in which do not include the child (work, church, friends, etc.)

A

exosystem

47
Q

Outermost sphere of the ecological model, represents societal values

A

Macrosystem

48
Q

Theory based on the idea that complex systems form from basic and simple conditions without adhering to a master plan for development

A

Dynamic Systems Theory

49
Q

Survival of the fittest

A

Charles Darwin

50
Q

Imprinting

A

Lorenz

51
Q

Attachment

A

Bowlby

52
Q

Maturation

A

Gesell

53
Q

There are 3 components to the Psychoanalytic Theory

A
  • Id, Ego,* and Superego
  • *Freud*
54
Q

The Id, the most primal of the three is run by this principle

A

pleasure

55
Q

This is part of your personality that helps ground you and doesn’t let your instinctive emotion take over

A

Ego

56
Q

The Ego, operates with this principle of helping you get your desires in a socially acceptable manner

A

reality principle

57
Q

The Ego will use another principle by finding a replacement in which matches your original desire

A

secondary principle

58
Q

The big brother of the personalities, it is comprised of morals and standards

A

Superego

FCS 330 Keating (11 decks)

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