Intro to Child Development/Research Methods

Question 1

What is Child Development?

Answer 1

Child develpment involves changes in physical, social, emotional, and intellectual functioning over time, from conception through adolescence

Question 2

There are several stages in development ______, _____and ______, ______ and _______ ________, and ________

HINT: P.D.I.T.E.M.C.A.

Answer 2

prenatal development, infancy and toddlerhood, early and middle childhood, and adolescence

Question 3

Within each stage of development there are three main stages or _______.

Answer 3

Developmental Domains

Question 4

Developmental Domains consists of these three compononents:

Answer 4

Physical Development, Cognitive Development, and Social-Emotional Development

Question 5

This stage of development involves the growth and change in a person’s body and bodily functions (includes the study of physiological and motor development as well as the impacts of illness, nutrition and health)

Answer 5

Physical Development

Question 6

The stage of development in which deals with the mental process used to proces information, grow in awareness, solve problems, and gain knowledge

Answer 6

Cognitive Development

Question 7

One of the developmental domains in which focuses on the processes related to interactions with other people (the study of relationships, emotions, personality, and moral development)

Answer 7

Social-emotional Development

Question 8

The process by which children learn social roles and become members of groups (teaching them the values, beliefs, customs, and expectations of their society, etc.

Answer 8

Socialization

Question 9

Changes brought about largely through the unfolding of a person’s genetic code

Answer 9

maturation

Question 10

The famous debate in which argues to what extent does either biological/genetic and environmental factors influence child development

Answer 10

Nature vs Nurture

Question 11

One of the ways in which scientists believe that development occurs gradually as time passes

Answer 11

continuous

Question 12

In contrast to the continuous view of development, this perspective of development views it as acquiring new patterns of behavior
(i.e. transition from crawling to walking)

Answer 12

discontinous

Question 13

This is a time frame or moment in time where a particular event or stimulus has the greatest impact on development

Answer 13

critical period

Question 14

The time frame or period in where it is optimal for the development of certain behaviors and functions, but are not defined as necessary

Answer 14

sensi​tive period

Question 15

Children of Antiquity: This philosopher believed that children should be separated from their parents early in life and reared under state control

Answer 15

Plato

*he also believed that socialization and the environment are critical factors in development and that development is a continous process

Question 16

Middle Ages: children were not recognized as distinct from adults. As soon as a child could live without the constant attention and help of a caregiver, she or he belonged to adult society

Answer 16

Miniature Adults

Question 17

He proposed that children are like a tabula rosa, or a blank slate

Answer 17

John Locke

*through interactions with people and objects in the environment, each child develops his or her unique character and abilities

Question 18

He emphasized the importance of internal, or innate, forces. He believed that from the time they are bron, children possess an intrinsic character that is perfect and good.

Answer 18

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Innate Morality

Question 19

The process in nature, where individuals who are best adapted to their surroundings survive and reproduce, and the adaptive characteristics of those individuals are passed on to the next generation

Answer 19

Natural Selection

Question 20

Family structure in which the biological mother and father and their children live together

Answer 20

Nuclear Family

Question 21

Family structure in whichl children live with only their mother or their father

Answer 21

Single-parent family

Question 22

Family structure formed when a widowed or divorced person remarries

Answer 22

stepfamily

Question 23

Family structure consisting of one or more parents, one ore more of the parents’ children, and one or more other relatives living together in one household

Answer 23

extended family

Question 24

A group whose members share a genetic heritage

Answer 24

race

Question 25

A group whose members share a common cultural heritage and a sense of belonging

Answer 25

ethnicity

Question 26

The view that development occurs as the result of the interplay between the diverse qualities that individuals bring to their environments and the diverse environments that individuals experience

Answer 26

transactional perspective

Question 27

This method is meant to find a probable explanation and designed to produce results that are objective, reliable and valid

Answer 27

Scientific Method

Question 28

There are 4 steps to the Scientific Method:

HINT: FDCI

Answer 28

1) Formulating a hypothesis
2. ) Designing a study
3. ) Collecting evidence
4. ) Interpreting and reporting the evidence

Question 29

Name all of the research strategies:

HINT: CCSNCE

Answer 29

• Case Studies*
• Clinical Interviews*
• Survey Studies*
• Naturalistic Studies*
• Correlational Studies*
• Experimental Studies*

Question 30

What are some of the ethical issues that a scientist can run into when researching with children?

HINT: IASP

Answer 30

• Informed Consent*
• Avoidance of Deception*
• Self-esteem*
• Privacy and confidentiality*

Question 31

Method in which researchers compare participants on two variables to determine whether the variables relate to each other

Answer 31

Correlational Study

Question 32

Method in which scientists bring people into a manipulated laboratory situation and then note the effects of the manipulation

Answer 32

Experimental Studies