Intro to Child Development/Research Methods Flashcards
What is Child Development?
Child develpment involves changes in physical, social, emotional, and intellectual functioning over time, from conception through adolescence
There are several stages in development ______, _____and ______, ______ and _______ ________, and ________
HINT: P.D.I.T.E.M.C.A.
prenatal development, infancy and toddlerhood, early and middle childhood, and adolescence
Within each stage of development there are three main stages or _______.
Developmental Domains
Developmental Domains consists of these three compononents:
Physical Development, Cognitive Development, and Social-Emotional Development
This stage of development involves the growth and change in a person’s body and bodily functions (includes the study of physiological and motor development as well as the impacts of illness, nutrition and health)
Physical Development
The stage of development in which deals with the mental process used to proces information, grow in awareness, solve problems, and gain knowledge
Cognitive Development
One of the developmental domains in which focuses on the processes related to interactions with other people (the study of relationships, emotions, personality, and moral development)
Social-emotional Development
The process by which children learn social roles and become members of groups (teaching them the values, beliefs, customs, and expectations of their society, etc.
Socialization
Changes brought about largely through the unfolding of a person’s genetic code
maturation
The famous debate in which argues to what extent does either biological/genetic and environmental factors influence child development
Nature vs Nurture
One of the ways in which scientists believe that development occurs gradually as time passes
continuous
In contrast to the continuous view of development, this perspective of development views it as acquiring new patterns of behavior
(i.e. transition from crawling to walking)
discontinous
This is a time frame or moment in time where a particular event or stimulus has the greatest impact on development
critical period
The time frame or period in where it is optimal for the development of certain behaviors and functions, but are not defined as necessary
sensitive period
Children of Antiquity: This philosopher believed that children should be separated from their parents early in life and reared under state control
Plato
*he also believed that socialization and the environment are critical factors in development and that development is a continous process
Middle Ages: children were not recognized as distinct from adults. As soon as a child could live without the constant attention and help of a caregiver, she or he belonged to adult society
Miniature Adults
He proposed that children are like a tabula rosa, or a blank slate
John Locke
*through interactions with people and objects in the environment, each child develops his or her unique character and abilities
He emphasized the importance of internal, or innate, forces. He believed that from the time they are bron, children possess an intrinsic character that is perfect and good.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Innate Morality
The process in nature, where individuals who are best adapted to their surroundings survive and reproduce, and the adaptive characteristics of those individuals are passed on to the next generation
Natural Selection
Family structure in which the biological mother and father and their children live together
Nuclear Family
Family structure in whichl children live with only their mother or their father
Single-parent family
Family structure formed when a widowed or divorced person remarries
stepfamily
Family structure consisting of one or more parents, one ore more of the parents’ children, and one or more other relatives living together in one household
extended family
A group whose members share a genetic heritage
race
A group whose members share a common cultural heritage and a sense of belonging
ethnicity
The view that development occurs as the result of the interplay between the diverse qualities that individuals bring to their environments and the diverse environments that individuals experience
transactional perspective
This method is meant to find a probable explanation and designed to produce results that are objective, reliable and valid
Scientific Method
There are 4 steps to the Scientific Method:
HINT: FDCI
1) Formulating a hypothesis
2. ) Designing a study
3. ) Collecting evidence
4. ) Interpreting and reporting the evidence
Name all of the research strategies:
HINT: CCSNCE
- Case Studies*
- Clinical Interviews*
- Survey Studies*
- Naturalistic Studies*
- Correlational Studies*
- Experimental Studies*
What are some of the ethical issues that a scientist can run into when researching with children?
HINT: IASP
- Informed Consent*
- Avoidance of Deception*
- Self-esteem*
- Privacy and confidentiality*
Method in which researchers compare participants on two variables to determine whether the variables relate to each other
Correlational Study
Method in which scientists bring people into a manipulated laboratory situation and then note the effects of the manipulation
Experimental Studies
