Prenatal Development in Birth Flashcards
It is the period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception. A. Germinal Period B. Embryonic Period C. Fetal Period
A. Germinal Period
It is the period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception. During this short time, every major organ takes shape, in at least a primitive form, in a process called organogenesis. A. Germinal Period B. Embryonic Period C.Fetal Period
B. Embryonic Period
Lasting about seven months, is the prenatal period between two months after conception and birth in typical pregnancies. At about 23 weeks after conception, midway through the fifth month, the fetus reaches the age of viability, when survival outside the uterus is possible if the brain and respiratory system are well enough developed. A. Germinal Period B. Embryonic Period C.Fetal Period
C.Fetal Period
The process involving the specialization of cells to perform various tasks. A. Differentiation B. Blastocyst C. Trophoblast
A. Differentiation
Consisting of an inner mass of cells that will eventually develop into the embryo. A. Differentiation B. Blastocyst C. Trophoblast
B. Blastocyst
An outer layer of cells that later provides nutrition and support for the embryo. A. Differentiation B. Blastocyst C. Trophoblast
C. Trophoblast
Its the mass of cells. A. Embryo B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Ectoderm
A. Embryo
The inner layer of cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system. A. Embryo B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
The middle layer, which will become the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system. A. Embryo B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Ectoderm
C. Mesoderm
The outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts. A. Embryo B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Ectoderm
D. Ectoderm
Its like a bag, or an envelope contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats. A. Amnion B. Umbilical Cord C. Placentae D. Chorion E. Organogenesis
A. Amnion
It contains two arteries and one vein and connects the baby to the placenta. A. Amnion B. Umbilical Cord C. Placentae D. Chorion E. Organogenesis
B. Umbilical Cord
It consist of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.A. Amnion B. Umbilical Cord C. Placentae D. Chorion E. Organogenesis
C. Placentae
Its a membrane that surrounds the amnion and attaches rootlike extensions called villi to the uterine lining to gather nourishment for the embryo, becomes the lining of the placenta.A. Amnion B. Umbilical Cord C. Placentae D. Chorion E. Organogenesis
D. Chorion
It is the name given to the process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development. A. Amnion B. Umbilical Cord C. Placentae D. Chorion E. Organogenesis
E. Organogenesis
The chances of surviving outside the womb is called: A. Viability B. Differentiation C. Stem Cells
A. Viability
Early in development, every neuron starts with the potential to become any specific type of neuron; what it becomes, how it differentiates, or depends on where it migrates is called: A. Viability B. Differentiation C. Stem Cells
B. Differentiation
These are the early cells that have not yet specialized. A. Viability B. Differentiation C. Stem Cells
C. Stem Cells
In Germinal Period, Fertilization usually occurs within 24 hours of ovulation A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3-4
A. Day 1
In Germinal Period, The single-celled zygote begins to divided 24-36 hours after fertilization A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3-4
B. Day 2
In Germinal Period, The mass has 16 cells and is called a morula; it is traveling down the fallopian tube to the uterus. A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3-4
C. Day 3-4
In Germinal Period, An inner cell mass forms; the entire mass is called a blastocyst and is the size of a pinhead. A. Day 5 B. Day 6-7 C. Day 8-14
A. Day 5
In Germinal Period, The blastyocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus. A. Day 5 B. Day 6-7 C. Day 8-14
B. Day 6-7
In Germinal Period The blastocyst becomes fully embedded in the wall of the uterus. It now has about 250 cells. A. Day 5 B. Day 6-7 C. Day 8-14
C. Day 8-14
In Embryonic Period, Now an embryo, the person-to-be is just 1/10 of an inch (2mm) long. It has become elongated, and three laters emerge. The ectoderm, mesoder, and endoderm. A. Week 3 B. Week 4 C. Week 5
A. Week 3
In Embryonic Period, The embryo is so curved that the two ends almost touch. the outer layer (ectoderm) folds into the neural tube. From the mesoderm, a tiny heart forms and begins to beat. The endoderm differentiates into a gastrointestinal tract and lungs. Between days 21 and 28. Eyes develop. A. Week 3 B. Week 4 C. Week 5
B Week 4
In Embryonic Period, Ears, mouth, and throat take shape. Arm and leg buds appear. The handplate from which fingers will emerge appears. The heart divides into two regions. and the brain differentiates into forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. A. Week 3 B. Week 4 C. Week 5
C. Week 5
In Embryonic Period, The embryo is almost 1 inch long. The heart divides into four chambers. Fingers emerge from the hand-plate, and primitive facial features are evident. The important process of sexual differentiation begins. A. Week 6-7 B. Week 8 C. Week 9
A. Week 6-7
In Embryonic Period, Most structures and organs are present. Ovaries and testes are evident. The embryo begins to straighten and assumes a more human apperance. A. Week 6-7 B. Week 8 C. Week 9
B. Week 8
In Fetal Period, Bone tissue emereges and the embryo becomes a fetus. The head of the fetus looks huge relative to the rest of the body. It takes up about half of the total length of the fetus. The fetus can open and close its mouth and turn its head. A. Week 6-7 B. Week 8 C. Week 9
C. Week 9
In Fetal Period, Fingers and toes are clearly formed. External genitalia have developed. Movements have increased substantially. Arms and Legs kick vigorously, but the fetus is still too small for the mother to feel all these movements. The fetus also shows “breathing” movements with its chest and some reflexes. A. Week 10-12 B. Week 13-16 C. Week 17-22
A. Week 10-12
In Fetal Period, The heartbeat should be audible with a stethoscope. Fetal movements may become apparent to the mother. The fetus is about 4 1/2 inches long and the skeleton is becoming harder. A. Week 10-12 B. Week 13-16 C. Week 17-22
B. Week 13-16
In Fetal Period, Fingernails and toenails, hair, teeth buds, and eye-lashes grow. Brain development is phenomental, and brain waves are detectable. A. Week 10-12 B. Week 13-16 C. Week 17-22
C. Week 17-22
In Fetal Period, These weeks mark the age of visibility, when the fetus has a chance of survival outside the womb. it is about 12 inches long and weighs about 1 pound. A. Week 23-25 B. Week 26-32 C. Week 33-38
A. Week 23-25
In Fetal Period, The fetus gains weight, and its brain grows. The nervous system becomes better organized. A. Week 23-25 B. Week 26-32 C. Week 33-38
B. Week 26-32
In Fetal Period, The last 6 weeks of a full-term pregnancy bring further weight gain and brain activity. The lungs mature and begin to expand and contract. A. Week 23-25 B. Week 26-32 C. Week 33-38
C. Week 33-38
Which handle information processing at the cellular level in the brain? A. Neurons B. Neural Tube C. Neurogenesis D. Neuronal Migration E. Neural Connectivity
A. Neurons
It is a long hallow tube located on the embryo’s back. A. Neurons B. Neural Tube C. Neurogenesis D. Neuronal Migration E. Neural Connectivity
B. Neural Tube
It is a new immature neuron that takes place at about the fifth prenatal week and continues throughout the remainder of the prenatal period. A. Neurons B. Neural Tube C. Neurogenesis D. Neuronal Migration E. Neural Connectivity
C. Neurogenesis
It involves cells moving outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations and creating the different levels, structures, and regions of the brain. A. Neurons B. Neural Tube C. Neurogenesis D. Neuronal Migration E. Neural Connectivity
D. Neuronal Migration
A connection between neurons begin to occur, a process that continues postnatally.A. Neurons B. Neural Tube C. Neurogenesis D. Neuronal Migration E. Neural Connectivity
E. Neural Connectivity
Its any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect. A. Teratogen B. Dose C. Genetic Susceptibility D. Time of Exposure
A. Teratogen
The dose effect is rather obvious. The greater the dose of an agent, such as the drug, the greater the effect. A. Teratogen B. Dose C. Genetic Susceptibility D. Time of Exposure
B. Dose
The type or severity of abnormalities caused by teratogen is linked to the genotype of the pregnant woman and the genotype of the embryo or fetus. A. Teratogen B. Dose C. Genetic Susceptibility D. Time of Exposure
C. Genetic Susceptibility
Exposure to teratogen does more damage when it occurs at some points un development. A. Teratogen B. Dose C. Genetic Susceptibility D. Time of Exposure
D. Time of Exposure
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: results in a fetus having a small head, facial abnormalities, head defects, low birth weight, and intellectual retardation. A. Alcohol B. Antiepileptic drugs. C. Aspirin and nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs D. Chemotherapy drugs E. Stimulants
A. Alcohol
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: Dilantin, Luminal, and Tegretol which are used to treat seizures, increase the incidence of cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, kidney disease and restricted growth. A. Alcohol B. Antiepileptic drugs. C. Aspirin and nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs D. Chemotherapy drugs E. Stimulants
B. Antiepileptic drugs
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: An occasional low dose is OK, but used in large quantities, such drugs may cause neonatal bleeding and anti-inflammatory drugs gastrointestinal discomfort. Large amounts of these over-the-counter pain killers like Advil have been associated with low birth weight and increased risk of miscarriage. A. Alcohol B. Antiepileptic drugs. C. Aspirin and nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs D. Chemotherapy drugs E. Stimulants
C. Aspirin and nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: drugs cross the placenta and attack rapidly dividing cells. They can increase malformations and lead to miscarriage. A. Alcohol B. Antiepileptic drugs. C. Aspirin and nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs D. Chemotherapy drugs E. Stimulants
D. Chemotherapy drugs
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: Heavy caffeine which is linked to miscarriages, higher heart rates, and abnormal reflexes and irritability at birth, but it does not seem to have long-lasting effects on development. Cocaine use can cause premature delivery, spontaneous abortion, and low birth weight, and it may result in later learning and behavioral problems. Amphetamine use has been linked to aggressive behavior and low school achievement. A. Alcohol B. Antiepileptic drugs. C. Aspirin and nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs D. Chemotherapy drugs E. Stimulants
E. Stimulants
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: Heavy use of this drug has been linked to premature birth, low birth weight and mild behavioral abnormalities such as irritability at birth. A. Marijuana B. Narcotics C. Sex Hormones D. Tobacco
A. Marijuana
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: Addiction to heroin, codeine, methadone, or morphine increases the risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. The newborn is often addicted and experiences potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms such as vomiting and convulsions. Longer-term cognitive deficits are sometimes evident. A. Marijuana B. Narcotics C. Sex Hormones D. Tobacco
B. Narcotics
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: birth control pills containing female hormones have been known to produce heart defects and cardiovascular problems. but today’s pill formulas are safer. Progesterone in drugs used to prevent miscarriage may masculinize the fetus. Diethylstilbestrol, once prescribed to prevent miscarriage, increased the risk of cervical cancer and created infertility and pregnancy problems in exposed daughters. A. Marijuana B. Narcotics C. Sex Hormones D. Tobacco
C. Sex Hormones
DRUGS TAKEN BY THE MOTHER THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: babies of smokers tend to be small and premature, have respiratory problems, and sometimes show intellectual deficits or behavioral problems later in development. Sons whose mothers smoked during their pregnancy may later have fertility problems. Secondhand smoke in the pregnant woman’s environment can increase her risk of miscarriage. A. Marijuana B. Narcotics C. Sex Hormones D. Tobacco
D. Tobacco
MATERNAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: If transmitted from mother to child, AIDS destroys defenses against disease and may lead to death. Mothers can acquire it through sexual contacts or contact with contaminated blood. A. AIDS B. Chlamydia C. Gonorrhea D. Herpes E. Syphilis
A. AIDS
MATERNAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: this can lead to premature birth, low birth weight, eye inflammation, or pneumonia. Most common STD and is also easily treatable. A. AIDS B. Chlamydia C. Gonorrhea D. Herpes E. Syphilis
B. Chlamydia
MATERNAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: This STD attacks the eyes of the child during birth, blindness is prevented by administering silver nitrate eyedrops to newborns. A. AIDS B. Chlamydia C. Gonorrhea D. Herpes E. Syphilis
C. Gonorrhea
MATERNAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: This disease may cause eye and brain damage or death in the first trimester. Mothers with activate herpes are advised to undergo caesarean deliveries to avoid infecting their babies during delivery because 85% of infants born with herpes acquire the virus through the birth canal. A. AIDS B. Chlamydia C. Gonorrhea D. Herpes E. Syphilis
D. Herpes
MATERNAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FETUS: once untreated, can cause miscarriage or serious birth defects such as blindness and mental retardation. A. AIDS B. Chlamydia C. Gonorrhea D. Herpes E. Syphilis
E. Syphilis
OTHER MATERNAL CONDITIONS OR DISEASES: Chickenpox can cause spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and slow growth, although fewer than 2% of exposed fetuses develop limb, facial, or skeletal malformations. A. Chickenpox B. Cytomegalovirus C. Influenza (flu)
A. Chickenpox
OTHER MATERNAL CONDITIONS OR DISEASES: This common infection shows mild flu-like symptoms in adults. About 25% of infected newborns develop hearing or vision loss, A. Chickenpox B. Cytomegalovirus C. Influenza (flu)
B. Cytomegalovirus
OTHER MATERNAL CONDITIONS OR DISEASES: The more powerful strains can cause spontaneous abortions or neural abnormalities early in pregnancy. A. Chickenpox B. Cytomegalovirus C. Influenza (flu)
C. Influenza (flu)
OTHER MATERNAL CONDITIONS OR DISEASES: it causes vision and hearing loss, mental retardation, heart defects, cerebral palsy, and microcephaly. A. Rubella B. Toxemia C. Toxoplasmosis
A. Rubella
OTHER MATERNAL CONDITIONS OR DISEASES: Affecting about 5% of mothers in the third trimester, its mildest form, preeclampsia, causes high blood pressure and rapid weight gain in the mother. Once left untreated, can become eclampsia and cause maternal convulsions, coma and death of the mother, the unborn child, or both. Surviving infants may be brain damaged. A. Rubella B. Toxemia C. Toxoplasmosis
B. Toxemia
OTHER MATERNAL CONDITIONS OR DISEASES: This illness is caused by a parasite in raw meat and cat feces; this can lead to blindness, deafness, and mental retardation in approximately 40% of infants born in infected mothers. A. Rubella B. Toxemia C. Toxoplasmosis
C. Toxoplasmosis
The environment surrounding birth; it includes influences such as drugs given to the mother during labor, delivery practices, and the social environment shortly after birth. A. Perinatal Environment B. Childbirth. C. Cesarean Section D. Anoxia/Asphyxia
A. Perinatal Environment
A three-step process consisting of labor, delivery of the baby, and expulsion of the placenta. Despite recent concerns about overuse, cesarean sections are common. A. Perinatal Environment B. Childbirth. C. Cesarean Section D. Anoxia/Asphyxia
B. Childbirth
A surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus so that the baby can be removed. A. Perinatal Environment B. Childbirth. C. Cesarean Section D. Anoxia/Asphyxia
C. Cesarean Section
It can occur for any number of reasons; for example, because the umbilical cord becomes pinched or tangled during birth, because sedatives given to the mother reach the fetus and interfere with the baby’s breathing, because mucus lodged in the baby’s throat prevents normal breathing, or because the baby is in a breech presentation (feet or buttocks first) during a vaginal delivery. A. Perinatal Environment B. Childbirth. C. Cesarean Section D. Anoxia/Asphyxia
D. Anoxia/Asphyxia
These are drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of unconsciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. A. Psychoactive drugs B. Prescription Drugs C. Non-Prescription Drugs
A. Psychoactive drugs
A profession that provides health care to women during pregnancy. A. Midwives B. Doulas C. Nurse
A. Midwives
A Greek word that means “a woman who helps.” A. Midwives B. Doulas C. Nurse
B. Doulas
This is a kind of drugs used to relieve pain. A. Analgesia B. Anesthesia C. Oxytocin
A. Analgesia
This is a kind of drugs used in late first stage labor during delivery to block sensations in an area of the body. A. Analgesia B. Anesthesia C. Oxytocin
B. Anesthesia
This is a hormone that promotes uterine contractions. A. Analgesia B. Anesthesia C. Oxytocin
C. Oxytocin
Its the method that aims to reduce the mother’s pain by decreasing her fear through education about childbirth and by teaching her and her partner the breathing methods and relaxation techniques during delivery. A. Natural Childbirth B. Prepared Childbirth C. Caesarean
A. Natural Childbirth
Also known as the Lamaze method; this includes a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stage of labor. A. Natural Childbirth B. Prepared Childbirth C. Caesarean
B. Prepared Childbirth
Normally the baby’s head comes through the vagina first. But if the baby is in a breech position, the baby’s buttocks are the first part of the emerge from the vagina. A. Natural Childbirth B. Prepared Childbirth C. Caesarean
C. Caesarean
Its widely used to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth. A. Apgar Scale B. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale C. Vocabulary Assessment Scale
A. Apgar Scale
typically performed within 24 to 36 hours after birth. A. Apgar Scale B. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale C. Vocabulary Assessment Scale
B. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
Those born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term. A. Preterm Infants B. Small for date Infants C. Fullterm Infants
A. Preterm Infants
Those whose birth weight is below normal when the length of the pregnancy is considered. A. Preterm Infants B. Small for date Infants C. Fullterm Infants
B. Small for date Infants
