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Developmental Psychology Preliminary Exam > Biological Beginnings > Flashcards

Biological Beginnings Flashcards

Covers all Biological Beginnings of OLFU prelims

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1
Q

The evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce.

A. Natural Selection
B. Adaptive Behavior
C. Evolutionary Psychology

A

A. Natural Selection

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2
Q

The behavior that promotes an organism’s survival in its natural habitat.

A. Natural Selection
B. Adaptive Behavior
C. Evolutionary Psychology

A

B. Adaptive Behavior

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3
Q

Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior.

A. Natural Selection
B. Adaptive Behavior
C. Evolutionary Psychology

A

C. Evolutionary Psychology

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4
Q

The only the size of a pinhead, is the beginning of a human. Conception has occurred.

A. Zygote
B. Chromosomes
C. Sperm and Ova

A

A. Zygote

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5
Q

There are 23 pairs of this

A. Zygote
B. Chromosomes
C. Sperm and Ova

A

B. Chromosomes

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6
Q

Unlike other cells, have only 23 chromosomes because they are produced through the specialized process of cell division called meiosis.

A. Zygote
B. Chromosomes
C. Sperm and Ova

A

C. Sperm and Ova

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7
Q

Threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid.

A. Chromosomes
B. DNA
C. Genes
D. Genome

A

A. Chromosomes

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8
Q

A complex molecule that has a double helix shape.

A. Chromosomes
B. DNA
C. Genes
D. Genome

A

B. DNA

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9
Q

The units of hereditary information, are short segments of DNA.

A. Chromosomes
B. DNA
C. Genes
D. Genome

A

C. Genes

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10
Q

Wide association method - to identify genetic variations linked to a particular disease.

A. Chromosomes
B. DNA
C. Genes
D. Genome

A

D. Genome

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11
Q

Often used to search for disease related genes.

A. Linkage analysis
B. Next generation sequencing
C. Thousand Genomes project

A

A. Linkage analysis

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12
Q

The term used to describe the vast increase in genetic data.

A. Linkage analysis
B. Next generation sequencing
C. Thousand Genomes project

A

B. Next generation sequencing

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13
Q

The most detailed study of human genetic variation to date.

A. Linkage analysis
B. Next generation sequencing
C. Thousand Genomes project

A

C. Thousand genomes project

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14
Q

chromosomes with 1100 genes.

A. X Chromosomes
B. Y Chromosomes
C. XY Chromosomes
D. XX Chromosomes

A

A. X Chromosomes

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15
Q

Chromosomes with 80 genes.

A. X Chromosomes
B. Y Chromosomes
C. XY Chromosomes
D. XX Chromosomes

A

B. Y Chromosomes

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16
Q

It is the (from) father who determines a child’s gender.

A. X Chromosomes
B. Y Chromosomes
C. XY Chromosomes
D. XX Chromosomes

A

C. XY Chromosomes

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17
Q

It is the (from) mother who determines a child’s gender.

A. X Chromosomes
B. Y Chromosomes
C. XY Chromosomes
D. XX Chromosomes

A

D. XX Chromosomes

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18
Q

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Fertilization

A

A. Mitosis

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19
Q

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Fertilization

A

B. Meiosis

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20
Q

The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Fertilization

A

C. Fertilization

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21
Q

One gene of a pair always exerts its effects.

A. Dominant Recessive Genes
B. Sex-Linked Genes
C. Genetic Imprinting
D. Polygenic Inheritance

A

A. Dominant Recessive Genes

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22
Q

A mutated genes carried on the x chromosome.

A. Dominant Recessive Genes
B. Sex-Linked Genes
C. Genetic Imprinting
D. Polygenic Inheritance

A

B. Sex-Linked Genes

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23
Q

Occurs when the expression of a gene has different effects depending on whether or mother or the father passed on the gene.

A. Dominant Recessive Genes
B. Sex-Linked Genes
C. Genetic Imprinting
D. Polygenic Inheritance

A

C. Genetic Imprinting

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24
Q

Means that many different genes determine a characteristic.

A. Dominant Recessive Genes
B. Sex-Linked Genes
C. Genetic Imprinting
D. Polygenic Inheritance

A

D. Polygenic Inheritance

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25
Q

Are formed in which the male’s sperm and/or the females ovum do not have their normal set of 23 chromosomes.

A. Chromosomal Abnormalities
B. Sex-Linked Abnormalities
C. Gene-Linked Abnormalities

A

A. Chromosomal Abnormalities

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26
Q

Are human embryos that possess at least one x chromosome to be viable.

A. Chromosomal Abnormalities
B. Sex-Linked Abnormalities
C. Gene-Linked Abnormalities

A

B. Sex-Linked Abnormalities

27
Q

Can be produced not only by an abnormal number of chromosome but also by harmful genes.

A. Chromosomal Abnormalities
B. Sex-Linked Abnormalities
C. Gene-Linked Abnormalities

A

C. Gene-Linked Abnormalities

28
Q

is a form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Fragile X Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. XXY Syndrome

A

A. Down Syndrome

29
Q

Is a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra x chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Fragile X Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. XXY Syndrome

A

B. Klinefelter Syndrome

30
Q

Is a genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Fragile X Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. XXY Syndrome

A

C. Fragile X Syndrome

31
Q

Is a chromosomal disorder in female in which an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Fragile X Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. XXY Syndrome

A

D. Turner Syndrome

32
Q

Is a chromosomal disorder in which a male has an extra Y chromosome.

A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Fragile X Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. XXY Syndrome

A

E. XXY Syndrome

33
Q

Glandular Problem results in Mucus build-up in lungs that makes breathing difficult and shortens life; common among Caucasians.

A. Cystic Fibrosis
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Hemophilia

A

A. Cystic Fibrosis

34
Q

Lack of Enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalanine in milk and many other foods results in conversion of phenylalanine into an acid that attacks the nervous system and causes mental retardation

A. Cystic Fibrosis
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Hemophilia

A

B. Phenykletonuria

35
Q

Deficiency in blood’s ability to clot; more common in males than in female

A. Cystic Fibrosis
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Hemophilia

A

C. Hemophilia

36
Q

Deterioration of the nervous system in middle age, associated with dementia, jerky movements’ personality changes

A. Huntington’s Disease
B. Sickle-cell Disease
C. Tay-Sachs Disease

A

A. Huntington’s Disease

37
Q

Blood cells are sickle-shaped rather than round, stick together, make breathing difficult, and cause painful swelling of joints; common in African Americans

A. Huntington’s Disease
B. Sickle-cell Disease
C. Tay-Sachs Disease

A

B. Sickle-cell Disease

38
Q

Metabolic defects result in accumulation of fat in a child’s brain, degeneration of the nervous system, and early death; common in Jewish people from Eastern Europe

A. Huntington’s Disease
B. Sickle-cell Disease
C. Tay-Sachs Disease

A

C. Tay-Sachs Disease

39
Q

Are a prospective mother that will undergo Prenatal testing.

A. Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
B. Maternal Blood Screening
C. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
D. Fetal Sex Determination

A

A. Prenatal Diagnositic Tests

40
Q

Identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects.

A. Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
B. Maternal Blood Screening
C. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
D. Fetal Sex Determination

A

B. Maternal Blood Screening

41
Q

Is increasingly being explored as an alternative to procedures such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis.

A. Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
B. Maternal Blood Screening
C. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
D. Fetal Sex Determination

A

C. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis

42
Q

Chorionic villus sampling has often been used to determine the sex of the fetus at some point from 11 to 13 weeks of gestation.

A. Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
B. Maternal Blood Screening
C. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
D. Fetal Sex Determination

A

D. Fetal Sex Determination

43
Q

A Prenatal medical procedure in which a high frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman’s abdomen.

A. Ultrasound sonography
B. Brain imaging techniques
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. Amniocentesis
E. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

A

A. Ultrasound sonography

44
Q

An increasing use of fetal MRI to diagnose fetal malformations.

A. Ultrasound sonography
B. Brain imaging techniques
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. Amniocentesis
E. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

A

B. Brain imaging techniques

45
Q

A Prenatal medical procedure in which a small sample of the placenta is removed.

A. Ultrasound sonography
B. Brain imaging techniques
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. Amniocentesis
E. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

A

C. Chorionic villus sampling

46
Q

A Prenatal procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosomal disorders.

A. Ultrasound sonography
B. Brain imaging techniques
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. Amniocentesis
E. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

A

D. Amniocentesis

47
Q

Involves fertilizing a mother’s eggs with a father’s sperm in the laboratory using in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, conducting DNA tests on the first cells that result from mitosis of each fertilized egg, and implanting in the mother’s uterus only eggs that do not have chromosome abnormalities or genes associated with disorders.

A. Ultrasound sonography
B. Brain imaging techniques
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. Amniocentesis
E. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

A

E. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

48
Q

Defined as the inability to conceive a child after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception.

A. Infertility B. Vitro Fertilization

A

A. Infertility

49
Q

Which eggs and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish. A

A. Infertility B. Vitro Fertilization

A

B. Vitro Fertilization

50
Q

A statical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to determine the strength of the effect.

A. Meta Analysis
B. Adoption
C. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Arts)
D. Artificial Insemination

A

A. Meta Analysis

51
Q

A social and legal process that establishes a parent child relationship between persons unrelated at birth.

A. Meta Analysis
B. Adoption
C. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Arts)
D. Artificial Insemination

A

B. Adoption

52
Q

Medical techniques used to increase fertility. ART techniques typically start with or include prescription drugs for the woman to stimulate her ovaries to ripen and release several eggs.

A. Meta Analysis
B. Adoption
C. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Arts)
D. Artificial Insemination

A

C. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Arts)

53
Q

Which involves injecting sperm, either from a woman’s partner or from a donor, into her uterus.

A. Meta Analysis
B. Adoption
C. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Arts)
D. Artificial Insemination

A

D. Artificial Insemination

54
Q

The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.

A. Behavior genetic
B. Twin study
C. Adoption Study

A

A. Behavior genetic

55
Q

The behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.

A. Behavior genetic
B. Twin study
C. Adoption Study

A

B. Twin study

56
Q

investigators seek to discover whether the behavior and psychological Characteristics of adopted children are more like those of their adoptive parents who have provided a home environment, or more like those of their biological parents.

A. Behavior genetic
B. Twin study
C. Adoption Study

A

C. Adoption Study

57
Q

Occurs because biological parents who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child. The kind of home environment that parents Provide for their children is influenced partly by the parents’ genotypes. (sociable parents not only transmit their “sociable” genes to their children but also, because they have “sociable” genes)

A. Passive genotype environment correlation
B. Evocative genotype environment correlations
C. Active (niche picking) genotype environment correlations

A

A. Passive genotype environment correlation

58
Q

Occurs because a child’s genetically influenced characteristics elicit certain types of Environments. Child’s genotype also evokes certain kinds of reactions from other people. The smiley, sociable baby is likely to get more smiles, hugs, and social stimulation than the wary, shy baby.

A. Passive genotype environment correlation
B. Evocative genotype environment correlations
C. Active (niche picking) genotype environment correlations

A

B. Evocative genotype environment correlations

59
Q

Occurs when children seek out environments that they find compatible and Stimulating. The individual with a genetic predisposition to be extraverted is likely to go to every party in sight, invite friends to the house, join organizations, and otherwise build a “niche” that is highly socially stimulating.

A. Passive genotype environment correlation
B. Evocative genotype environment correlations
C. Active (niche picking) genotype environment correlations

A

C. Active (niche picking) genotype environment correlations

60
Q

Are siblings’ common experiences, such as their parents’ personalities or intellectual orientation.

A. Shared environmental experiences
B. Nonshared environmental experiences C. The Epigenetic View
D. Gene x Environment Interaction

A

A. Shared environmental experiences

61
Q

Are a child’s unique experiences, both within the family and outside the family, that are not shared with a sibling.

A. Shared environmental experiences
B. Nonshared environmental experiences C. The Epigenetic View
D. Gene x Environment Interaction

A

B. Nonshared environmental experiences

62
Q

Which states that the development reflects an ongoing bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

A. Shared environmental experiences
B. Nonshared environmental experiences C. The Epigenetic View
D. Gene x Environment Interaction

A

C. The Epigenetic View

63
Q

The interaction between heredity and environment influences development.

A. Shared environmental experiences
B. Nonshared environmental experiences C. The Epigenetic View
D. Gene x Environment Interaction

A

D. Gene x Environment Interaction

Developmental Psychology Preliminary Exam (14 decks)

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