Late Adulthood Flashcards
The number of years that will probably be lived by the average person born in a particular year.
A. Life Expectancy
B. Centenarians
C. Social Convoy
A. Life Expectancy
Individuals 100 years and older.
A. Life Expectancy
B. Centenarians
C. Social Convoy
B. Centenarians
A group of people that journeys with us throughout our lives, providing support in good times and bad.
A. Life Expectancy
B. Centenarians
C. Social Convoy
C. Social Convoy
Number of years a person can expect to live.
A. Longevity
B. Average Life Expectancy
C. Useful Life Expectancy
D. Maximum Life Expectancy
A. Longevity
The age at which half of the people born in a particular year will have died.
A. Longevity
B. Average Life Expectancy
C. Useful Life Expectancy
D. Maximum Life Expectancy
B. Average Life Expectancy
The number of years that a person is free from debilitating chronic disease and impairment.
A. Longevity
B. Average Life Expectancy
C. Useful Life Expectancy
D. Maximum Life Expectancy
C. Useful Life Expectancy
The oldest age at which any person lives.
A. Longevity
B. Average Life Expectancy
C. Useful Life Expectancy
D. Maximum Life Expectancy
D. Maximum Life Expectancy
States that natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadoptive characteristics in older adults; thus, the benefits conferred by evolutionary theory decline with age because natural selection is linked to reproductive fitness.
A. Evolutionary Theory of Aging
B. Cellular Clock Theory
C. Free-Radical Theory
D. Mitochondrial Theory
E. Hormonal Stress Theory
A. Evolutionary Theory of Aging
Leonard Hayflick’s theory that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. As we age, our cells have less capability to divide.
A. Evolutionary Theory of Aging
B. Cellular Clock Theory
C. Free-Radical Theory
D. Mitochondrial Theory
E. Hormonal Stress Theory
B. Cellular Clock Theory
a microbiological theory of aging that states that people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. These molecules ricochet around inside cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures.
A. Evolutionary Theory of Aging
B. Cellular Clock Theory
C. Free-Radical Theory
D. Mitochondrial Theory
E. Hormonal Stress Theory
C. Free-Radical Theory
the theory that aging is caused by the decay of mitochondria, tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for function, growth, and repair.
A. Evolutionary Theory of Aging
B. Cellular Clock Theory
C. Free-Radical Theory
D. Mitochondrial Theory
E. Hormonal Stress Theory
D. Mitochondrial Theory
The theory that aging in the body’s hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.
A. Evolutionary Theory of Aging
B. Cellular Clock Theory
C. Free-Radical Theory
D. Mitochondrial Theory
E. Hormonal Stress Theory
E. Hormonal Stress Theory
The generation of new neurons, research indicates that exercise and an enriched, complex environment can generate new brain cells in rats and mice, and that stress reduces their survival rate.
A. Neurogenesis
B. Cataracts
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular Degeneration
A. Neurogenesis
involve a thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted. By age 70, approximately 30 percent of individuals experience a partial loss of vision due to cataracts. Initially, cataracts can be treated by glasses; if they worsen, a simple surgical procedure can remove them.
A. Neurogenesis
B. Cataracts
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular Degeneration
B. Cataracts
involves damage to the optic nerve because of the pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye.
A. Neurogenesis
B. Cataracts
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular Degeneration
C. Glaucoma
Is a disease that involves deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field. Individuals with macular degeneration may have relatively normal peripheral vision but are unable to see clearly what is right in front of them.
A. Neurogenesis
B. Cataracts
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular Degeneration
D. Macular Degeneration
Inflammation of the joints that is accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems, especially common in older adults.
A. Arthritis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D. Parkinson’s Disease
A. Arthritis
chronic condition that involves an extensive loss of bone tissue and is the main reason many older adults walk with a marked stoop. Women are especially vulnerable to osteoporosis.
A. Arthritis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D. Parkinson’s Disease
B. Osteoporosis
the most common form of incapacitating respiratory disease among older adults
A. Arthritis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D. Parkinson’s Disease
C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
brain disease known primarily for its characteristic motor symptoms: very slow walking, difficulty getting into and out of chairs, and a slow hand tremor.
A. Arthritis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D. Parkinson’s Disease
D. Parkinson’s Disease
the “hardware” of the mind, reflecting the neurophysiological architecture of the brain. Cognitive mechanics involves the speed and accuracy of the processes involving sensory input, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization.
A. Cognitive Mechanics
B. Cognitive Pragmatics
C. Cognitive Development
A. Cognitive Mechanics
the culture-based “software programs” of the mind. Cognitive pragmatics includes reading and writing skills, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, and also the type of knowledge about the self and life skills that help us to master or cope with life.
A. Cognitive Mechanics
B. Cognitive Pragmatics
C. Cognitive Development
B. Cognitive Pragmatics
focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant.
A. Selective Attention
B. Divided Attention
C. Sustained Attention
D. Psychomotor Speed
A. Selective Attention
concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
A. Selective Attention
B. Divided Attention
C. Sustained Attention
D. Psychomotor Speed
B. Divided Attention
Focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.
A. Selective Attention
B. Divided Attention
C. Sustained Attention
D. Psychomotor Speed
C. Sustained Attention
the speed with which a person can make a specific response.
A. Selective Attention
B. Divided Attention
C. Sustained Attention
D. Psychomotor Speed
D. Psychomotor Speed
The retention of information about the where and when of life’s happenings.
A. Episodic memory
B. Semantic Memory
C. Explicit memory
D. Implicit Memory
A. Episodic memory
person’s knowledge about the world—including a person’s fields of expertise, general academic knowledge of the sort learned in school, and “everyday knowledge.”
A. Episodic memory
B. Semantic Memory
C. Explicit memory
D. Implicit Memory
B. Semantic Memory
Memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state.
A. Episodic memory
B. Semantic Memory
C. Explicit memory
D. Implicit Memory
C. Explicit memory
Memory without conscious recollection; involves skills and routine procedures that are automatically performed.
A. Episodic memory
B. Semantic Memory
C. Explicit memory
D. Implicit Memory
D. Implicit Memory
the ability to remember where one learned something.
A. Source Memory
B. Prospective Memory
C. Retrospective Memory
A. Source Memory
Remembering to do something in the future.
A. Source Memory
B. Prospective Memory
C. Retrospective Memory
B. Prospective Memory
The memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past.
A. Source Memory
B. Prospective Memory
C. Retrospective Memory
C. Retrospective Memory
is a mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, self-derogatory, and bored. The person does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has a poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated.
A. Major Depression
B. Dementia
C. Alzheimer Disease
D. Multi-infarct Dementia
E. Parkinson’s Disease
A. Major Depression
is a global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning. Individuals with dementia often lose the ability to care for themselves and can lose the ability to recognize familiar surroundings and people—including family members.
A. Major Depression
B. Dementia
C. Alzheimer Disease
D. Multi-infarct Dementia
E. Parkinson’s Disease
B. Dementia
a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function.
A. Major Depression
B. Dementia
C. Alzheimer Disease
D. Multi-infarct Dementia
E. Parkinson’s Disease
C. Alzheimer Disease
involves a sporadic and progressive loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated temporary obstruction of blood flow in cerebral arteries.
A. Major Depression
B. Dementia
C. Alzheimer Disease
D. Multi-infarct Dementia
E. Parkinson’s Disease
D. Multi-infarct Dementia
a chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis.
A. Major Depression
B. Dementia
C. Alzheimer Disease
D. Multi-infarct Dementia
E. Parkinson’s Disease
E. Parkinson’s Disease
states that the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.
A. Activity Theory
B. Socioeconomic Selectivity
C. Selective Optimization
D. Selection
A. Activity Theory
theory states that older adults become more selective about their social networks. Because they place a high value on emotional satisfaction, older adults spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships.
A. Activity Theory
B. Socioeconomic Selectivity
C. Selective Optimization
D. Selection
B. Socioeconomic Selectivity
with compensation theory -states that successful aging is linked with three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC). The theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master.
A. Activity Theory
B. Socioeconomic Selectivity
C. Selective Optimization
D. Selection
C. Selective Optimization
is based on the concept that older adults have a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains.
A. Activity Theory
B. Socioeconomic Selectivity
C. Selective Optimization
D. Selection
D. Selection
suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies.
A. Optimization
B. Compensation
C. Ageism
D. Eldercare
A. Optimization
becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current level of the older adult’s performance potential. Older adults especially need to compensate in circumstances with high mental or physical demands, such as when thinking about and memorizing new material.
A. Optimization
B. Compensation
C. Ageism
D. Eldercare
B. Compensation
prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.
A. Optimization
B. Compensation
C. Ageism
D. Eldercare
C. Ageism
is the physical and emotional caretaking of older members of the family, whether that care is day-to-day physical assistance or responsibility for arranging and overseeing such care.
A. Optimization
B. Compensation
C. Ageism
D. Eldercare
D. Eldercare
the view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger members because older adults pile up advantages by receiving an inequitably large allocation of resources.
A. Generational Inequity
B. Convoy Model of Social Relation
C. Competence
D. Environmental Press
A. Generational Inequity
individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals to whom they give and from whom they receive social support.
A. Generational Inequity
B. Convoy Model of Social Relation
C. Competence
D. Environmental Press
B. Convoy Model of Social Relation
is defined as the upper limit of a person’s ability to function in five domains: physical health, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills, cognitive skills, and ego strength.
A. Generational Inequity
B. Convoy Model of Social Relation
C. Competence
D. Environmental Press
C. Competence
refers to the physical, interpersonal, or social demands that environments put on people. Physical demands might include having to walk up three flights of stairs to your apartment. Interpersonal demands include having to adjust your behavior patterns to different types of people.
A. Generational Inequity
B. Convoy Model of Social Relation
C. Competence
D. Environmental Press
D. Environmental Press
when press level is average for a particular level of competence.
A. Adaptation Level
B. Zone of Maximum Performance
C. Zone of Maximum Comfort
D. Docility
A. Adaptation Level
potential when press level is slightly higher, tending to improve performance.
A. Adaptation Level
B. Zone of Maximum Performance
C. Zone of Maximum Comfort
D. Docility
B. Zone of Maximum Performance
when press level is slightly lower, facilitating a high quality.
A. Adaptation Level
B. Zone of Maximum Performance
C. Zone of Maximum Comfort
D. Docility
C. Zone of Maximum Comfort
when people allow their situation to dictate the options they have.
A. Adaptation Level
B. Zone of Maximum Performance
C. Zone of Maximum Comfort
D. Docility
D. Docility
older adults who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders.
A. Frail Older Adults
B. Activities of Daily Living
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living D. Assisted Living Facilities
E. Intermediate Care-Facility
A. Frail Older Adults
basic self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, toileting, walking
A. Frail Older Adults
B. Activities of Daily Living
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living D. Assisted Living Facilities
E. Intermediate Care-Facility
B. Activities of Daily Living
actions that require some intellectual competence and planning.
A. Frail Older Adults
B. Activities of Daily Living
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living D. Assisted Living Facilities
E. Intermediate Care-Facility
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
a supportive living arrangement for people who need assistance with ADLs or IADLs but who are not so impaired physically or cognitively that they need 24-hour care.
A. Frail Older Adults
B. Activities of Daily Living
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living D. Assisted Living Facilities
E. Intermediate Care-Facility
D. Assisted Living Facilities
That consists of 24-hour care necessitating nursing supervision, but usually not at an intense level.
A. Frail Older Adults
B. Activities of Daily Living
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living D. Assisted Living Facilities
E. Intermediate Care-Facility
E. Intermediate Care-Facility
