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Developmental Psychology > Prenatal Development (5)* > Flashcards

Prenatal Development (5)* Flashcards

1
Q

Prenatal development stages***

A
  1. Ovulation (9-16 days of the menstrual cycle)
  2. Fertilisation (24hrs after this)
  3. Male + female chromosome material unite (24-30hrs)
  4. Egg cell divides
  5. 2 cells (36hrs after fertilisation)
  6. 4 cells (48hrs after fertilisation)
  7. Cluster of 16-32 cells (3 days)
  8. Hollow ball of about 100 cells (4 days)
  9. Zygote enters the uterus (4-5 days)
  10. Zygote begins to attach to the wall of the uterus (6-7 days)
  11. Zygote is completely implanted in the uterine wall (12-14 days)
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2
Q

3 stages of prenatal development

A

Zygote (up to 2 weeks)
Embryo (2-8)
Foetal (from 2 months)

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3
Q

Zygote

A

A single cell embryo

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4
Q

How many chromosomes does an embryo contain

A

46

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5
Q

Heart appears

A

18 days after fertilisation

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6
Q

When are major features (such as hands, arms, fingers, eyes…) defined

A

8 weeks (end of embryo stage)

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7
Q

The brain and spinal chord… what stage

A

Embryo stage

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8
Q

Forebrain

A

Cerebral hemispheres, hypothalamus, thalamus

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9
Q

Midbrain

A

Superior + inferior colliculi, substancia nigra

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10
Q

Hindbrain

A

Medulla oblongata, pons

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11
Q

3 weeks…brain and spinal chord

A

Neural plate thickens first at the head and then folds into the neural tube which forms the brain and spinal chord

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12
Q

Movement

A

Even though mother typically doesn’t feel it for another 10 weeks, embryo starts moving at 5-6 weeks

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13
Q

XX

A

Female

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14
Q

XY

A

Male

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15
Q

6 months… unfolding in the cortex

A
  • sulci + gyri
  • increases surface area
  • frontal, parietal + occipital lobes differentiated
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16
Q

Cerebral cells mature by..

A

27 weeks

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17
Q

Touch sensitive by…

A

13-14 weeks

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18
Q

Responds to growing medley of sounds

A

20 weeks

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19
Q

Respond to taste

A

25 weeks

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20
Q

Sweet substances in fluid…

A

Increase swallowing

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21
Q

Bitter substances in fluid…

A

Decrease swallowing and alter facial expressions

22
Q

Chemosensory

A

Taste and smell

23
Q

Eyelids fused until

A

5-7 months

24
Q

Teratogons*

A

Substances which, if ingested by mother, can adversely affect their unborn child

25
Types of teratogens
Diseases/infections e.g. rubella Drugs/medicine e.g. aspirin
26
Which stage are defects most common?
Embryonic -> foundations of all body parts
27
Common features of foetal alcohol syndrome (according to Connor et al)
Over activity Impaired motor control Attention deficits Memory problems Language impairments
28
How many pairs of autonomes
22
29
What is the embryo stage crucial for
Organ formation, sexual development
30
What drives the formation of organs
Chemical reactions
31
When does the heart begin to beat
3 weeks and 1 day
32
How many heart beats per minute (by 4 weeks)
105-121
33
When are major features defined e.g arms, hands, fingers…
8 weeks
34
Day neural plate begins to form
18
35
Neurogenisis
Cells are continually born within the neural tube
36
When does neurogenisis and migration continue to
6 months
37
Reflexive movements controlled by
Midbrain
38
When does cerebral cortex start developing
9 weeks - covers whole brain by mid pregnancy
39
Additional volume in cerebral due to..
Increases in cell body size, synaptogenisis, myelination (month 6)
40
Foetus swallows and sucks thumb
9 weeks
41
Sense light touch
9 weeks
42
When do gender differences emerge
14 weeks - female foetuses move their jaws more
43
When do foetuses start to learn
24 weeks - respond + habituate
44
Continually moving by
13 weeks
45
Distinct patterns of rest and activity
34 weeks
46
Quiet sleep
Motionless, steady heart beat, rhythmic breathing
47
Active sleep
Lots of different body movements, eyes moving and sometimes open, heart rates and breathing irregular and responsive to stimulation
48
Exposure learning
If a newborn responds to a stimuli they heard/ experienced in the womb
49
Righting reflex (balance) by..
25 weeks - head down birthing orientation
50
Effects of Dutch famine study
2x more likely to develop heart disease Schizophrenia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, stress-related illnesses

Developmental Psychology (10 decks)

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