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Developmental Psychology > Prenatal Development > Flashcards

Prenatal Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of study involves following individuals over a long period of time?

A

Longitudinal study

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2
Q

What is a longitudinal study?

A

One that involves following an individual over a long period of time

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3
Q

What type of study involves comparing different age groups at the same time?

A

Cross-sectional study

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4
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

One that involves studying different age groups at the same time

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5
Q

Which research method involves observing a subject in a natural location?

A

Naturalistic observation

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6
Q

What is naturalistic observation?

A

Observing a subject in a natural environment

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7
Q

Which study method involves both direct observation and interviewing?

A

Case study

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8
Q

What is a case study?

A

A research method that involves both direct observation and interviewing subjects

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9
Q

Which research method involves administering surveys, often anonymously?

A

Survey/Interview

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10
Q

What is a survey/interview?

A

Research method that involves asking questions about attitudes, opinions, and frequency of certain behaviors

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11
Q

Which research method involves using statistics to evaluate the relationship between 2 variables?

A

Correlational research

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12
Q

What is correlational research?

A

Research method that involves using statistics to determine the strength and direction of relationship between 2 variables

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13
Q

Which research method involves controlling the setting and manipulating variables?

A

Experiment

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14
Q

What is an experiment?

A

Research method in which the researcher controls the setting and manipulates a factor that is believed to have some influence

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15
Q

Transvaginal ultrasound

A

When a transducer is placed in the vagina, most often in early pregnancy

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16
Q

Transabdominal ultrasound

A

When the transducer is moved over the abdomen

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17
Q

Specialized sonographic evaluation

A

More detailed evaluation when an abnormality is known or suspected

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18
Q

3D ultrasound

A

2-dimensional display of 3-dimensional data. Can help detect facial abnormalities or neural tube defects

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19
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Measures slight changes as waves bounce off of moving objects, like blood cells. Provides details about blood flow

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20
Q

Fetal echocardiography

A

Provides a detailed picture of a baby’s heart. Helps confirm or rule out congenital heart defect

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21
Q

When a transducer is placed in the vagina, most often in early pregnancy

A

Transvaginal ultrasound

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22
Q

When the transducer is moved over the abdomen

A

Transabdominal ultrasound

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23
Q

More detailed ultrasound evaluation when an abnormality is known or suspected

A

Specialized sonographic evaluation

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24
Q

2-dimensional display of 3-dimensional data. Can help detect facial abnormalities or neural tube defects

A

3D ultrasound

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25
Q

Measures slight changes as waves bounce off of moving objects, like blood cells. Provides details about blood flow

A

Doppler ultrasound

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26
Q

Provides a detailed picture of a baby’s heart. Helps confirm or rule out congenital heart defect

A

Fetal echocardiography

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27
Q

Organogenesis

A

When and how the organs develop

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28
Q

When and how the organs develop

A

Organogenesis

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29
Q

Anything that causes a birth defect, and can influence the development of a baby

A

Teratogen

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30
Q

Teratogen

A

Anything that causes a birth defect, and can influence the development of a baby

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31
Q

What does amniotic fluid do?

A

Protects the fetus from injury, protects against infection, allows the baby to move and develop properly, controls the temperature.

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32
Q

What substance protects the fetus from injury, protects against infection, allows the baby to move and develop properly, controls the temperature.

A

Amniotic fluid

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33
Q

What does the amniotic sac do?

A

Helps protect from injury and regulate temperature

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34
Q

What is amnion?

A

Membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta

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35
Q

This is the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta

A

Amnion

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36
Q

This is filled with amniotic fluid and amnion, and helps protect from injury and regulate temperature

A

Amniotic sac

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37
Q

Placenta

A

Provides metabolic interchanges between mother and fetus

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38
Q

This provides metabolic interchanges between mother and fetus

A

Placenta

39
Q

This connects the fetus to the placenta

A

Umbilical cord

40
Q

What does the umbilical cord do?

A

This connects the fetus to the placenta

41
Q

What blood vessels are in the umbilical cord?

A

2 arteries and a vein

42
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A

When the pregnancy starts in the fallopian tube

43
Q

What is it called when the pregnancy starts in the fallopian tube?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

44
Q

When is amniocentesis usually done?

A

Between weeks 15 and 20

45
Q

What can amniocentesis check for?

A

Genetic diseases, neural tube defects, Rh disease

46
Q

When is Chorionic Villus Sampling usually done?

A

Between weeks 10 and 12

47
Q

What does CVS stand for?

A

Chorionic Villus Sampling

48
Q

What can CVS check for?

A

Genetic and chromosome testing in the first trimester

49
Q

Which prenatal diagnostic test could cause limb defects?

A

CVS

50
Q

Which period is the first 2 weeks after conception?

A

Germinal

51
Q

When is the germinal period?

A

First 2 weeks after conception

52
Q

Which period is 2-8 weeks after conception?

A

Embryonic

53
Q

When is the embryonic period?

A

2-8 weeks after conception

54
Q

Which period is 2-9 months after conception?

A

Fetal

55
Q

When is the fetal period?

A

2-9 months after conception

56
Q

What is vernix?

A

Milky substance that protects the fetus

57
Q

What is the milky substance that protects the fetus?

A

Vernix

58
Q

What is lanugo?

A

Fine hairs that protect the fetus

59
Q

What are fine hairs that protect the fetus?

A

Lanugo

60
Q

What 3 things determine the effects a teratogen will have?

A

Gestational age when it’s introduced, amount that is introduced, how susceptible the mother or child are to the teratogen

61
Q

What is stage I of childbirth?

A

Early labor and active labor

62
Q

What is stage II of childbirth?

A

Delivery of baby

63
Q

What is stage III of childbirth?

A

Delivery of placenta

64
Q

What do analgesics do?

A

Relieve pain

65
Q

What are examples of analgesics?

A

Narcotics, barbiturates, tranquilizers

66
Q

What does anesthesia do?

A

Blocks the sensation of pain

67
Q

What do oxytocics do?

A

Synthetic hormones that stimulate contractions

68
Q

What are synthetic hormones that stimulate contractions?

A

Oxytocics

69
Q

How long does the postpartum period last?

A

About 6 weeks

70
Q

What is involution?

A

The return of the uterus to its normal size

71
Q

What term describes the return of the uterus to its normal size?

A

Involution

72
Q

What helps speed up involution?

A

Breastfeeding

73
Q

What is Lamaze?

A

Breathing techniques and education to relieve pain and control fear

74
Q

What technique involves breathing exercises and education to relieve pain and control fear?

A

Lamaze

75
Q

How long and frequent are contractions in early labor?

A

30-45 seconds, 5-30 minutes apart

76
Q

How long and frequent are contractions in active labor?

A

45-60 seconds, 3-5 minutes apart

77
Q

How long does early labor last?

A

8-12 hours

78
Q

How long does active labor last?

A

3-5 hours

79
Q

How long does delivery last?

A

20 minutes - 2 hours

80
Q

How long does delivery of the placenta last?

A

5-10 minutes

81
Q

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

A

When you may behave differently just because you know you’re in a study

82
Q

What is it called when you behave differently just because you know you’re in a study?

A

Hawthorne Effect

83
Q

What is is called when parents provide both the genetic predisposition and a nurturing environment for a child to develop a certain trait?

A

Passive Genotype-Environment Interaction

84
Q

What is it called when the parents provide a genetic disposition to the child that causes them to then evoke a certain reaction in others?

A

Evocative Genotype-Environment Interaction

85
Q

What is it called when parents provide a genetic disposition to the child that results in them actively seeking environmental conditions that foster certain qualities?

A

Active Genotype-Environment Interaction

86
Q

When are the arteries and veins of the heart complete?

A

7-8 weeks, end of the first trimester

87
Q

What happens in the germinal period?

A

Zygote is created and attaches to the uterine wall

88
Q

What happens during the embryonic period?

A

Layers of cells are formed, which will later develop into organs

89
Q

What happens during the fetal period?

A

Major growth and development

90
Q

How long and how much does the fetus weigh after the first trimester?

A

3 inches and 1 ounce

91
Q

How long and how much does the fetus weigh after the second trimester?

A

14 inches and 1 pound

92
Q

How long and how much does the fetus weigh after the third trimester?

A

19 inches and 6-7 pounds

93
Q

When can we tell the gender of a fetus?

A

12 weeks

Developmental Psychology (8 decks)

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