Adulthood Flashcards by William Keating

What is emerging adulthood?

The in-between period between leaving adolescence and full adulthood

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When does the physical peak occur?

between 20-35

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what types of sports peak earlier?

ones requiring quick movements, speed, and endurance

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what types of sports peak later?

ones with more of a cerebral/mental aspect, like football quarterbacks

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What physical declines start occurring in early adulthood?

lower maximum heart rate
lower respiratory capacity
eye lens stiffens and thickens
sensitivity to high frequency sound decreases
fast twitch muscles decline

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which sports peak in early/mid 20s?

swimming, tennis, sprinting

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which sports peak in later 20s?

football (WR+RB earlier than QB), basketball, baseball

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which sports peak in late 20s/early 30s?

golf, long distance running

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what did the national survey of sexual behavior find about adolescents?

There was less frequent adolescent sexual behavior than expected.

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what did Jean Twenge find about Gen Z?

they are less likely to have sex in their teens and 20s than previous generations

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What did the Gallup poll find about sexuality in millennials and Gen Z?

There is a higher rate of gay millennials than overall adults. 12% of Gen Z are “other” - they are less interested in binary definitions of sexuality

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what did the General Social Survey find about marriage?

married couples have sex more often than singles

sexual activity tends to drop with each decade

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according to the Rutgers study, what factors raise or lower the likelihood of divorce?

higher income lowers likelihood of divorce
having a baby at least 7 months after marriage, rather than before, lowers likelihood of divorce
growing up in an intact home lowers likelihood of divorce
being religious lowers likelihood of divorce
attending college lowers likelihood of divorce

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what does “intact home” mean?

one where parents are married and this is both parents’ first marriage

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summarize the ISF article about divorce rates

The divorce rate is at its lowest in 50 years
The median duration of marriages is longer than it was 10 years ago
The marriage rate is at an all-time low
COVID has strengthened and deepened many marriages
The marriage divide is widening. Top 1/3 of income bracket is much more likely to stay married than bottom 1/3 (64% intact vs. 24%)
Poor/working-class families will become more disconnected from the institution of marriage

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summarize Labouvie-Vief’s postformal thought

adult thinking that is more relativistic, seeing shades of grey rather than simple dichotomies

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describe the transition of thinking that William Perry presented

dualistic thinking (right vs. wrong
multiple thinking (multiple viewpoints, hard to reconcile)
commitment within relativism (multiple viewpoints, but I can reflect and decide based on these)

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name and define the 3 factors of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love

Intimacy: emotional connectedness, warm communication, spending time together
Passion: biological closeness, sexual/romantic feelings
Commitment: cognitive component, the decision to stay together

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which types of love are stronger in the beginning of a relationship?

infatuation, fatuous, romantic

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what type of love is more likely in a longer relationship?

companionate

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what is relativistic thinking?

ability to see grey area in topics

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what is multiple thinking?

acknowledging multiple perspectives, while developing your own beliefs

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how many men have an actual mid-life crisis?

about 12%

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what are some tips for managing mid-life transition?

develop a sense of mastery, or control, over your life

derive pleasure from living, continually assessing whether you’re happy/content

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which factor(s) make up consummate love?

intimacy, passion, and commitment

what type of love do intimacy, passion, and commitment make up?

consummate love

which factor(s) make up liking?

intimacy

what type of love is intimate only?

liking

which factor(s) make up companionate love?

intimacy and commitment

what type of love do intimacy and commitment make up?

companionate love

what type of love is commitment only?

empty love

what factor(s) make up empty love?

commitment only

what factor(s) make up empty love?

commitment

what type of love is commitment and passion?

fatuous love

what factor(s) make up fatuous love?

commitment and passion

what type of love is passion only?

infatuation

what factor(s) make up infatuation?

passion

what type of love is passion and intimacy?

romantic love

what factor(s) make up romantic love?

intimacy and passion

what is climacteric?

midlife transition where fertility declines

what is the midlife transition where fertility declines?

climacteric

when does middle adulthood occur?

40-60 years

what is perimenopause?

when estrogen levels drop

when can menopause occur?

between late 30s and late 50s

what are some symptoms of menopause?

``` mood fluctuations hot flashes shrinking of reproductive organs difficulty getting sexually aroused decreased skin elasticity loss of bone mass higher blood pressure ```

what are some differences in menopause across ethnicities?

caucasians have more muscle aches, difficulty sleeping, irritability african americans have more hot flashes and night sweats, but a more positive attitude chinese and japanese have less hot flashes and night sweats, but a more negative attitude mayan indians had no significant physical symptoms, and positive attitudes since they were becoming "wise women"/leaders

what are some differences in menopause across ages?

latina and african americans started earlier than caucasians asians started later than caucasians smokers earlier than nonsmokers

what factors play a role in the symptoms and timing of menopause?

differences in diet, environment, cultural beliefs, and genetics

what is launching and what trends have changed?

a period when children come of age and leave the family home. it is no longer a one-time event like it used to be, which can lead to financial and emotional strain on parents

what is a sandwich generation, and what are the challenges and tips associated with being in a sandwich generation?

when middle aged parents are simultaneously raising their own kids while being caretakers for their own parents. this can lead to caretaker strain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms support groups, counseling, and respite can help

what did the seattle longitudinal study find about middle adulthood?

improvements in verbal abilities, spatial reasoning, simple math, and abstract reasoning. "use it or lose it" applies - keep yourself sharp. note: this study evaluated healthy adults with high education levels.

what did the seattle longitudinal study find about late adulthood?

slower processing to think and react, trouble with free recall, trouble with tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

according to mayo clinic, what types of hormone therapy are there?

systemic hormone therapy (higher dose) | low-dose vaginal products

according to mayo clinic, what are the risks of hormone therapy?

Heart disease Stroke Blood clots Breast cancer 60+/10+ years from onset of menopause are at greater risk Strength and addition of progestin can impact risks Family history of above conditions

according to mayo clinic, who can benefit from hormone therapy?

women with moderate/severe hot flashes women with vaginal dryness, burning, itching, sexual discomfort preventative measure for osteoporosis women with early menopause or estrogen deficiency (due to early removal of ovaries)

according to mayo clinic, how can you reduce the risks of hormone therapy?

find the best product for you take the minimum effective does follow up regularly with your doctor make healthy lifestyle choices

according to mayo clinic, what are alternatives to hormone therapy?

``` keep cool limit caffeine limit alcohol breathing techniques vaginal moisturizers/lubricants ```

according to mgh center, what are some risks of menopause?

osteoporosis cardiovascular disease cognitive dysfunction depressive symptoms

what are some implications of HERS and WHI studies?

there may be links to hormone therapy and breast cancer and cardiovascular events estrogen alone may not be a problem. more studies are needed for both estrogen and progestin these studies only focused on one type of drug, so the results might not be universal

how should one stop HRT?

gradually

what alternative drugs may help with menopause?

antidepressants