Adulthood Flashcards
What is emerging adulthood?
The in-between period between leaving adolescence and full adulthood
When does the physical peak occur?
between 20-35
what types of sports peak earlier?
ones requiring quick movements, speed, and endurance
what types of sports peak later?
ones with more of a cerebral/mental aspect, like football quarterbacks
What physical declines start occurring in early adulthood?
lower maximum heart rate lower respiratory capacity eye lens stiffens and thickens sensitivity to high frequency sound decreases fast twitch muscles decline
which sports peak in early/mid 20s?
swimming, tennis, sprinting
which sports peak in later 20s?
football (WR+RB earlier than QB), basketball, baseball
which sports peak in late 20s/early 30s?
golf, long distance running
what did the national survey of sexual behavior find about adolescents?
There was less frequent adolescent sexual behavior than expected.
what did Jean Twenge find about Gen Z?
they are less likely to have sex in their teens and 20s than previous generations
What did the Gallup poll find about sexuality in millennials and Gen Z?
There is a higher rate of gay millennials than overall adults. 12% of Gen Z are “other” - they are less interested in binary definitions of sexuality
what did the General Social Survey find about marriage?
married couples have sex more often than singles
sexual activity tends to drop with each decade
according to the Rutgers study, what factors raise or lower the likelihood of divorce?
higher income lowers likelihood of divorce
having a baby at least 7 months after marriage, rather than before, lowers likelihood of divorce
growing up in an intact home lowers likelihood of divorce
being religious lowers likelihood of divorce
attending college lowers likelihood of divorce
what does “intact home” mean?
one where parents are married and this is both parents’ first marriage
summarize the ISF article about divorce rates
The divorce rate is at its lowest in 50 years
The median duration of marriages is longer than it was 10 years ago
The marriage rate is at an all-time low
COVID has strengthened and deepened many marriages
The marriage divide is widening. Top 1/3 of income bracket is much more likely to stay married than bottom 1/3 (64% intact vs. 24%)
Poor/working-class families will become more disconnected from the institution of marriage
summarize Labouvie-Vief’s postformal thought
adult thinking that is more relativistic, seeing shades of grey rather than simple dichotomies
describe the transition of thinking that William Perry presented
- dualistic thinking (right vs. wrong
- multiple thinking (multiple viewpoints, hard to reconcile)
- commitment within relativism (multiple viewpoints, but I can reflect and decide based on these)
name and define the 3 factors of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love
Intimacy: emotional connectedness, warm communication, spending time together
Passion: biological closeness, sexual/romantic feelings
Commitment: cognitive component, the decision to stay together
which types of love are stronger in the beginning of a relationship?
infatuation, fatuous, romantic
what type of love is more likely in a longer relationship?
companionate
what is relativistic thinking?
ability to see grey area in topics
what is multiple thinking?
acknowledging multiple perspectives, while developing your own beliefs
how many men have an actual mid-life crisis?
about 12%
what are some tips for managing mid-life transition?
develop a sense of mastery, or control, over your life
derive pleasure from living, continually assessing whether you’re happy/content
which factor(s) make up consummate love?
intimacy, passion, and commitment
what type of love do intimacy, passion, and commitment make up?
consummate love
which factor(s) make up liking?
intimacy
what type of love is intimate only?
liking
which factor(s) make up companionate love?
intimacy and commitment
what type of love do intimacy and commitment make up?
companionate love
what type of love is commitment only?
empty love
what factor(s) make up empty love?
commitment only
what factor(s) make up empty love?
commitment
what type of love is commitment and passion?
fatuous love
what factor(s) make up fatuous love?
commitment and passion
what type of love is passion only?
infatuation
what factor(s) make up infatuation?
passion
what type of love is passion and intimacy?
romantic love
what factor(s) make up romantic love?
intimacy and passion
what is climacteric?
midlife transition where fertility declines
what is the midlife transition where fertility declines?
climacteric
when does middle adulthood occur?
40-60 years
what is perimenopause?
when estrogen levels drop
when can menopause occur?
between late 30s and late 50s
what are some symptoms of menopause?
mood fluctuations hot flashes shrinking of reproductive organs difficulty getting sexually aroused decreased skin elasticity loss of bone mass higher blood pressure
what are some differences in menopause across ethnicities?
caucasians have more muscle aches, difficulty sleeping, irritability
african americans have more hot flashes and night sweats, but a more positive attitude
chinese and japanese have less hot flashes and night sweats, but a more negative attitude
mayan indians had no significant physical symptoms, and positive attitudes since they were becoming “wise women”/leaders
what are some differences in menopause across ages?
latina and african americans started earlier than caucasians
asians started later than caucasians
smokers earlier than nonsmokers
what factors play a role in the symptoms and timing of menopause?
differences in diet, environment, cultural beliefs, and genetics
what is launching and what trends have changed?
a period when children come of age and leave the family home.
it is no longer a one-time event like it used to be, which can lead to financial and emotional strain on parents
what is a sandwich generation, and what are the challenges and tips associated with being in a sandwich generation?
when middle aged parents are simultaneously raising their own kids while being caretakers for their own parents.
this can lead to caretaker strain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms
support groups, counseling, and respite can help
what did the seattle longitudinal study find about middle adulthood?
improvements in verbal abilities, spatial reasoning, simple math, and abstract reasoning.
“use it or lose it” applies - keep yourself sharp.
note: this study evaluated healthy adults with high education levels.
what did the seattle longitudinal study find about late adulthood?
slower processing to think and react, trouble with free recall, trouble with tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
according to mayo clinic, what types of hormone therapy are there?
systemic hormone therapy (higher dose)
low-dose vaginal products
according to mayo clinic, what are the risks of hormone therapy?
Heart disease
Stroke
Blood clots
Breast cancer
60+/10+ years from onset of menopause are at greater risk
Strength and addition of progestin can impact risks
Family history of above conditions
according to mayo clinic, who can benefit from hormone therapy?
women with moderate/severe hot flashes
women with vaginal dryness, burning, itching, sexual discomfort
preventative measure for osteoporosis
women with early menopause or estrogen deficiency (due to early removal of ovaries)
according to mayo clinic, how can you reduce the risks of hormone therapy?
find the best product for you
take the minimum effective does
follow up regularly with your doctor
make healthy lifestyle choices
according to mayo clinic, what are alternatives to hormone therapy?
keep cool limit caffeine limit alcohol breathing techniques vaginal moisturizers/lubricants
according to mgh center, what are some risks of menopause?
osteoporosis
cardiovascular disease
cognitive dysfunction
depressive symptoms
what are some implications of HERS and WHI studies?
there may be links to hormone therapy and breast cancer and cardiovascular events
estrogen alone may not be a problem. more studies are needed for both estrogen and progestin
these studies only focused on one type of drug, so the results might not be universal
how should one stop HRT?
gradually
what alternative drugs may help with menopause?
antidepressants
