Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Midwifery Boards > Prenatal Care: Problem > Flashcards

Prenatal Care: Problem Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol: Maternal effects in pregnancy

A

PEC, placental abruption, placenta previa, SAB, ectopic pregnancy, PROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alcohol: Fetal effects

A

-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) - physical intellectual, and behavioral disabilities that last a lifetime
-low birth weight and growth
-problems with heart, kidneys, other organs
-damage to parts of brain –> intellectual and behavioral disabilities like hyperactivity/attention problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Screening Tools for alcohol

A

CAGE
- felt need to Cut down drinking?
- people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
- felt bad or Guilty about drinking
- Needed any Eye-opener?

TWEAK
-Tolerance: how many drinks can you hold?
-Worried: have people been worried or complained about your drinking?
-Eye-openers: drink 1st thing in am
-Amnesia: black outs?
-Cut Down: need to cut down?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Smoking (Nicotine/Tobacco): Maternal effects

A

PEC, placental abruption, placenta previa, SAB, ectopic, PROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Smoking (Nicotine/Tobacco): Infant effects

A

IUGR, PTB, small for gestational age
- RISK OF STILL BIRTH is 1.8-2.8 times greater in smokers (higher for heavier smokers)
-RISK OF STILLBIRTH is 2.1 times greater for women exposed to second hand smoke!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?

A

Infant goes through withdrawal at birth d/t opioids, barbituates, benzos
- severity of withdrawal symptoms depends on time of drug, quantity taken, length of abuse, GA at birth,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S/S of NAS?

A

blotchy skin coloring
diarrhea
excessive high-pitched cry
abnormal suckling reflex
increased muscle tone
irritability
fever
hyperactive reflexes
poor feeding
rapid breathing
seizures
sleep problems
slow weight gain
nasal congestion and sneezing
sweating
trembling
vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

General effects of drugs on infant

A

birth defects
low birth weight
PTB
small head circumference
SIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Marijuana

A

Safety of use not proven in pregnancy
avoid while planning, during and BFing
Not to be used for a nausea tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which drugs are stimulants

A

cocaine and meth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stimulant effects on mother

A

migraines
seizures
PROM
Placental abruption
HTN crisis
SAB
PTL
METH: PEC, PTB, abruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stimulant effects on infant

A

Low birth weight
small head circumference
shorter length
irritability
hyperactivity
tremors
high-pitched cry
excessive sucking at birth
meth: increased emotional reactivity, anxiety and depression, withdrawn, cognitive problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ecstasy

A

Limited research: avoid
exposure in utero may cause learning, memory, motor problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heroin

A

passes through placenta to fetus
NAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Goals for substance abuse in pregnancy

A

Ideal: stop
if can’t decrease quantity and # of substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does TORCH stand for?

A

Toxoplasmosis
Other (hep b, syphilis, varicella, parvo)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes (HSV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Toxoplasmosis clinical manifestation

A

most infections are asymptomatic

18
Q

Toxoplasmosis effects on infant

A

10% of infected infants have damage resulting in lower IQ, deafness
can cause SAB, prematurity, IUGR

19
Q

Toxoplasmosis Labs/Diagnosis

A
  • Universal screening is not recommended, test immunocompromised/suspected infection
  • Detection of toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE)
  • Dx: direct observation of parasite in stained tissue secretions, CSF, etc
    Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan
20
Q

Toxoplasmosis Tx

A

MFM
There are meds to give depending on GA

21
Q

How to prevent toxoplasmosis?

A

Fully cook meat to at least 145 F and poultry to 160 F
Do not drink or eat unpasteurized dairy
Avoid handling or changing cat litter because it is found in cat feces
Avoid drinking untreated water
Good hand-washing following gardening or wear gloves while gardening because soil might be contaminated with cat feces

22
Q

Syphilis

A
  • Screened routinely in 1st and 3rd trimesters
  • Crosses placenta: 80% of infants born to syphilis mom will have congential syphilis, risk of vertical transmission decreases with amount of time mom has had it
  • can cause: PTB, LBW, congenital malformation, hepatic abnormalities, ascites, hydrops, still birth, long bone involvement
23
Q

Varicella (chickenpox)

A
  • congenital varicella syndrome, greatest risk if infected in 1st 20 weeks
  • Maternal infection occurring from 6 days before to 2 days after delivery can be passed to newborn, causing serious infection (5% mortality)
  • Varicella infection causes varicella pna in 10-30% of pregnant adults
24
Q

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

A
  • secondary infection that poses little risk to mom or baby
25
Q

Varicella transmission

A

respiratory inhalation of virus particles, highly contagious

26
Q

Varicella clinical s/s

A

Rash: maculopapular rash that becomes vesicles, new vesicles continue for 3-4 days, crusted by 1 week
Prior to rash adults experience fever, malaise, myalgias, HA

27
Q

Maternal complications of varicella

A

Pneumonia, 14% maternal mortality

28
Q

Infant complications of varicella

A
  • PTL and PTB,
  • maternal varicella 5-6 days prior and 2 days after birth may result in neonatal infection, fatality can be as high as 30% (due to fetal exposure to virus without benefit of maternal antibodies)
    -worst time of exposure is in first 20 weeks GA: limb hypoplasia, cataracts, microcephaly, IUGR
29
Q

Treatment of Varicella for mom

A

Antiviral: IV acyclovir for severe maternal infection
Give VZIG as early as possible to mom is exposed and susceptible

30
Q

Treatment of Varicella exposure for baby

A

If infection in bother within 6 days prior to delivery: give varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG), prepare for tocolysis to delay delivery, give VZIG to infant
If infection in pregnant patient within 3 days pp give VZIG to infant

31
Q

Prevention of Varicella

A

Vaccination for all susceptible reproductive age women preconception (at least 4 weeks prior to pregnancy) or in postpartum period
VZIG ASAP if pregnant patient is exposed and susceptible

32
Q

Parvovirus B19 (Fifth Disease) Transmission

A

Through respiratory secretions such as saliva, sputum, nasal mucus (like when infected person coughs or sneezes
Through blood or blood products
Can be vertically transmitted to fetus

33
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Parvo

A

asymptomatic in about 20% of people
Healthy adults: mild rash and illness; slapped cheeks
Immunocompromised: reticular rash in trunk, painful swollen joints, severe anemia

34
Q

Complications of Parvo in fetus

A

SAB
Severe fetal anemia (failure of fetal RBC production, attacks RBC)
hydrops fetalis
stillbirth
heart failure

35
Q

Parvo screening

A

routine screening is not recommended

36
Q

What labs if suspect parvo infection/exposure

A

Parvo IgG, IgM
IgG + –> exposed prior/immune
IgM + and IgG neg –> active disease, no antibodies, 33% chance of hydrops/heart failure

37
Q

Parvo treatment for mother

A

no antiviral drug
can give acetaminophen if muscle/joint pain

38
Q

Parvo exposure management of fetus

A

Fetal u/s to evaluate for s/s of fetal anemia or hydrops fetalis
cord blood sampling to determine degree of fetal anemia
doppler studies to assess anemia risk

39
Q

Prevention of Parvo

A

No med or vaccine
Handwashing with soap and water
avoid touching eyes, nose, mouth
avoid contact with sick people

40
Q

Rubella Transmission

A

Direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individual
Droplets spread through sneezing or coughing

41
Q

Clinical manifestation of Rubella

A

Discrete pinkish-red maculopapular rash, appears first on face, then trunk and extremities
May also have lymphadenophathy, fever, arthralgias
symptoms last 3 days

Midwifery Boards (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions