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Pathology > premalignant and malignant Tumors of the skin > Flashcards

premalignant and malignant Tumors of the skin Flashcards

1
Q

Rough, sandpaper-like consistency

A

actinic keratosis

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2
Q

what can induce actinic keratosis

A

sunlight,ionizing radiation,

hydrocarbons, and arsenicals

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3
Q

describe the dermis in actinic keratosis

A

it contains thickened blue gray elastic fibers (elastosis/ basophilic degeneration)

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4
Q

the stratum corneum in actinic keratosis

A

thickened, nuclei of cells are retained

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5
Q

what is seen in the lowermost layers of the epidermis in actinic keratosis

A

cytologic atypia and it may be assctd with hyperplasia of basal cells

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6
Q

Slightly elevated red patch of irregular contours is seen

A

bowen’s disease

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7
Q

loss of maturation of epithelium but no invasion is seen in

A

bowen’s disease

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8
Q

Second most common tumor arising on sun-exposed
sites in older people, exceeded only by basal cell
carcinoma.

A

SCC

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9
Q

what is the major predisposing factor in SCC

A

Exposure to sunlight

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10
Q

in SCC, many of the cells demonstrate _____ with abundant ________

A

keratinization with

abundant pink cytoplasm.

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11
Q

(SCC) what is seen near the center

A

mitosis

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12
Q

refers to ulcerating SqCC presenting in an area of
previously traumatized, chronically inflamed or
scarred skin.

A

MARJOLIN’S ULCER

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13
Q

Giant condyloma
• Buschke-Lowenstein tumor
• Uncommon, well-differentiated form of SCC

A

verrucous carcinoma

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14
Q

Present as pearly papules often containing prominent,

dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasias)

A

BCC

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15
Q

growing downward deeply into the
dermis as cords and islands of variably basophilic
cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, embedded in a
mucinous matrix, and often surrounded by many
fibroblasts and lymphocytes.

A

Nodular lesions

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16
Q

originating from the epidermis and
extending over several square centimeters or more of
skin surface

A

Multifocal growths

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17
Q

Atypical melanocytic hyperplasia histologically “in
between” a clearly benign nevus and a malignant
melanoma.

A

dysplastic nevus

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18
Q

Primary cause of melanoma

A 
ultraviolet light (UV)
exposure in those with low levels of skin pigment
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19
Q

in melanoma more superficial cells are

A

less mature, larger and

produce melanin, and form nests.

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20
Q

in melanoma deeper cells are

A

More mature,

smaller, and acquire fusiform contours

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21
Q

The epidermis in a melanoma shows atypical

A

melanocytic proliferation
consisting of irregular nested and single melanocytes
in all layers of the epidermis.

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22
Q

appearance of spindle cells in desmoplastic malignant melanoma

A

deceptively bland appearance

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23
Q

char feature of desmoplastic malignant melanoma

A

collection of lymphocytes

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24
Q

Rare neoplasm derived from the infrequent and

functionally obscure Merkel cell of the epidermis,

A

Merkel cell epidermis

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25
Q

describe a merkel cell

A

it is a neural crest derived cell and it’s important for tactile sensation

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26
Q

why does merkel cc resemble bcc or non pigmented malignant melanoma?

A

its lesions may be ulcerated

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27
Q

because the lesions of merkel cc may be ulcerated it resembles

A

bcc or non pigmented malignant melanoma

28
Q

immunohistochemistry patern of merkel cc

A

dot like cytokeratin IHC patttern

29
Q

merkel cc is composed of

A

small, round malignant cells containing

neurosecretory-type cytoplasmic granules

30
Q

Best regarded as a well-differentiated, primary

fibrosarcoma of the skin

A

DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS

31
Q

Often develop as aggregated protuberant tumors within

a firm indurated plaque that may ulcerate

A

DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS

32
Q

describe the fibroblasts appearance on dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

A

Fibroblasts arranged like the blades of a pinwheel

storiform

33
Q

can begin as small, sharply
demarcated, asymptomatic, often multiple red
nodules

A

Cutaneous angiosarcomas

34
Q

describe the cells on angiosarcoma

A

cells of which variably recapitulate
the morphologic and functional features of normal
endothelium.

35
Q

angiosarcoma can also arise in the setting of

A

lymphedema

36
Q

Arises in hair-bearing, sun-damaged skin typically

involving the face, scalp or ears

A

TRICHILEMMAL CARCINOMA

37
Q

Nodular plaque typically <3 cm in diameter, which may
have a pale or reddish discoloration, or as an
exophytic or polypoid nodule.

A

trichilemmal carcinoma

38
Q

why trichilemmal carcinoma is mistaken clinically for bcc or scc

A

because of its rapid growth keratoacanthoma

39
Q

Trichilemmal C arises from

A

outer hair sheath

40
Q

in tirichilemmal C there’s an abundant clear cell change in tumor lobules due to

A

accumulation of intracytoplasmic glycogen
as characterizes tumors of follicular outer root sheath
derivation.

41
Q

Prototypic malignant lesion that produces matrical

differentiation comprising shadow cells

A

pilomatrix carcinoma

42
Q

Pilomatrix C arises from

A

hair matrix

43
Q

Pale or violaceous nodule up to 3 cm in diameter
involving the eyelids, face or head and neck of elderly
patients.

A

MUCINOUS ECCRINE CARCINOMA

44
Q

mucinous eccrine carcinoma has a pale or violaceous nodule up to 3 cm in diameter
involving the

A

eyelids, face or head and neck of elderly

patients.

45
Q

describe the cytoplasm of the cells in mucinous eccrine carcinoma

A

vacuolated and may show signet ring
formation with peripheral displacement of the nucleus
by a large intracytoplasmic vacuole.

46
Q

in mucinous eccrine carcinoma, pools of mucin dissect the stroma creating

A

rounded and
irregularly shaped aggregates of PAS-positive,
diastase-resistant material which decorates with
Alcian blue or with Hale’s colloidal iron.

47
Q

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ADENOID CYSTIC

CARCINOMA is usually seen in the

A

scalp and neck

48
Q

arrangement of tumor cells in primary cutaneou adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

characteristically arranged in cribriform

pattern in a loose myxoid background

49
Q

sebaceous carcinoma occurs more frequently in males or females?

A

females

50
Q

in sebaceous carcinoma, what is more common, the occular or extraocular?

A

ocular sebaceous carcinoma

51
Q

Disorder of middle-aged to elderly individuals with a

mean age of 62–72 years

A

SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA

52
Q

Definitive test for sebaceous differentiation

A

oil red O.

• Neutral lipid decorates with a bright red tinctorial quality.

53
Q

Well circumscribed lobules, nests or small aggregates of
large, cohesive, epithelioid cells closely associated
with a dense, mixed T and B lymphocytic and
plasmacytic infiltrate. this is seen in

A

LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA-LIKE CARCINOMA OF THE

SKIN

54
Q

what can be seen sorrounding and intermingling with epithelial tumor cells in lymphoeptihelioma like carcinoma of the skin

A

Mandatory dense inflammatory infiltrate (polymorphous

and polytypic)

55
Q

Histiocytosis X

• Eosinophilic granuloma

A

LANGHERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

56
Q

describe the cutaneous form of langherhans cell histiocytosis

A

solitary or multiple papules or
nodules or as scaling erythematous plaques
resembling seborrheic dermatitis

57
Q

Variable numbers of eosinophils with diffuse-togranulomatous
dermal infiltrates of round-to-ovoid
mononuclear cells with indented, bland nuclei this can be seen in

A

LANGHERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

58
Q

Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
• Arises primarily in the skin and generally remains
localized there for may years

A

MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES

59
Q

seeding of the blood by malignant T

cells, accompanied by diffuse erythema and scaling

A

Sezary syndrome

60
Q

Rare family of disorders characterized by cutaneous

(and occasionally visceral) mast cell proliferation

A

MASTOCYTOSIS

61
Q

most common tissue that is

systematically affected in mastocytosis

A

Bone marrow

62
Q

in mastocytosis there is point mutation of

A

c-KIT proto-oncogene

63
Q

point mutation of c-KIT proto-oncogene results in

A

activation of the KIT tyrosine kinase that direct mast

cell growth and differentiation

64
Q

may be used to specifically highlight mast cells

in mastocytosis

A

CD117

65
Q

Variable dermal fibrosis, edema, eosinophils, and mast

cells is seen in

A

mastocytosis

66
Q

number of mast cells that is considered pathological in mastocytosis

A

> 15 mast cells/HPF

Pathology (10 decks)

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