neoplasia

Question 1

increase in the size of the cells, that results in the increase of the size of the affected organs

Answer 1

Hypertrophy

Question 2

increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue in response to a stimulus

Answer 2

• Hyperplasia

Question 3

reversible change in which one differentiated cells (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type

Answer 3

Metaplasia

Question 4

literally means “disordered growth”; atypical epithelial hyperplasia

Answer 4

Dysplasia

Question 5

an abnormal mass of tissue with uncoordinated, persistent, purposeless growth

Answer 5

Neoplasm

Question 6

study of tumors or neoplasms.

Answer 6

Oncology

Question 7

The characterization of benign and malignant tumors are based on their:

Answer 7

(1) differentiation/anaplasia, (2) rate of growth, (3) local invasion, and (4) metastasis

Question 8

extent to which neoplastic parenchymal cells resemble the corresponding normal counterpart, both morphologically and functionally

Answer 8

Differentiation

Question 9

HALLMARK of malignancy

Answer 9

Anaplasia

Question 10

enzyme that renders the cell to have limitless replicative potential. It is repressed by regulatory proteins at each cell division

Answer 10

Telomerase

Question 11

Influences that modify the growth rate of tumors

Answer 11

blood supply (tumor angiogenesis), nutrition, endocrine support, defensive immune response of the host

Question 12

(intercellular interaction is mediated by

Answer 12

E-cadherins, thus its function is lost in several epithelial tumors

Question 13

degrades collagen

Answer 13

MMPs

Question 14

Invasion of the extracellular matrix can be resolved into several steps

Answer 14

1. Loosening up” of tumor cell–tumor cell interactions
2. Degradation of ECM
3. Attachment to novel ECM components
4. Migration and invasion of tumor cells

Question 15

the spread of tumor to sites physically discontinuous with the primary tumor; unequivocally marks tumor as malignant

Answer 15

D. METASTASIS

Question 16

Dissemination of cancers may occur through one of three pathways

Answer 16

1. Hematogenous
2. Lymphatics
3. Seeding of body cavities and surfaces

Question 17

The most common mode of spread

Answer 17

Lymphatics

Question 18

seeding of body cavities and surfaces means

Answer 18

penetrating into a natural “open field” lacking physical barriers

Question 19

the assessment or evaluation of cancer based on cytologic differentiation and the number of mitoses within the tumor

Answer 19

Grading

Question 20

Staging is based on

Answer 20

size of primary lesion, extent of spread to regional lymph nodes, and presence or absence of metastases.

Question 21

TNM” staging system

Answer 21

Tumor size, Lymph Node involvement, presence or absence of Metastases

Question 22

Quantitative measurement of membrane Ags & DNA content of tumor cells

Answer 22

Flow Cytometry

Question 23

Contribute to the clinical verification of the presence of cancer
• Help determine the effectiveness of treatment
• Detect presence of recurrences

Answer 23

Tumor Markers

Question 24

What is the first step involved in the mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis?

Answer 24

Loosening of intracellular junctions

Question 25

Determination of minimal residual disease is based on which laboratory procedure

Answer 25

Molecular diagnosis