Pathology of the Joints and Synovium

Question 1

movable joint that is lined by a synovial membrane

Answer 1

synovial or diarthrodial joint

Question 2

joint that provides little movement

Answer 2

synarthrosis

Question 3

the sternomanubrial joint is an example of

Answer 3

synchondrosis joint

Question 4

pathologic bony bridge bttn bones

Answer 4

synostosis

Question 5

boundary of joint space anchored to underlying
capsule and does not cover the articular surfaces
contour is smooth except near the osseous insertion,
where it is thrown into numerous villous folds

Answer 5

synovial membrane

Question 6

Cuboidal connective cells arranged one to four cell
layers deep which synthesize hyaluronic acid and
various proteins

Answer 6

synoviocytes

Question 7

Lacks a basement membrane allows quick exchange

between blood and synovial fluid

Answer 7

synovial lining

Question 8

what are the functions of synovial fluid

Answer 8

it contains hyaluronic acid that acts as a lubricant and provides nutrition for the articular hyaline cartilage

Question 9

what is cloning

Answer 9

chondrocyte proliferation forming clusters

Question 10

reactive bone formation at joint margins

Answer 10

osteophytes

Question 11

enlargement of the DIP

Answer 11

Heberden’s node

Question 12

enlargement of the PIP

Answer 12

bouchard’s node

Question 13

sclerotic thickened bony trabeculae

Answer 13

eburnation

Question 14

dislodged pieces of cartilage and subchondral bone

Answer 14

loose bodies/ rice bodies

Question 15

hallmark of RA

Answer 15

pannus formation

Question 16

char by proliferaton of lymphocytes and plasma cells forming a reactive follicle with prominent germinal center

Answer 16

chronic synovitis

Question 17

char by edematous synovium with mixed inflammatory infiltrates, fibroblastic proliferation and granulation tissue formation

Answer 17

pannus formation

Question 18

most important type of cytokines that leads to destruction of the synovivum

Answer 18

TNF

Question 19

enlarged chondrocyte lacunae within articular cartilage due to dead chondrocytes

Answer 19

weichselbaum’s lacunae

Question 20

hallmark of repair in RA

Answer 20

granulation tissue

Question 21

hard granuloma is commonly found in

Answer 21

sarcoidosis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 22

caseation necrosis, differential would be

Answer 22

TB or fungal infection

Question 23

if fibrinoid necrosis differential would be

Answer 23

RA

Question 24

if liquefactive necrosis differential would be

Answer 24

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Question 25

triad of reiter’s syndrome

Answer 25

arthritis, non gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis

conjunctivitis

Question 26

confirmatory for reiter’s

Answer 26

achilles tendon periostitis

Question 27

inborn error of metabolism that could cause gout

Answer 27

complete hgprt deficiency (lesch Nyhan syndrome

Question 28

pathologic hallmark of gout

Answer 28

tophi

Question 29

what are tophi

Answer 29

urate crystals surrounded by numerous foreign body type giant cells, macrophages, plasma cells and epitheloid histiocytes

Question 30

`hallmark of cppd

Answer 30

presence of rhomboid crystals with positive birefringence