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Physical Science > Prelims > Flashcards

Prelims Flashcards

1
Q

object that has both mass and volume

A

Matter

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2
Q

smallest unit of matter; the building block of all material things/matter.

A

Atom

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3
Q

Parts of an atom

A

Proton, Neutron & Electrons

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4
Q

positive charge

A

proton

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5
Q

neutral / no charge

A

Neutron

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6
Q

negative charge

A

Electron

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7
Q

negative charge

A

Electrons

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8
Q

any substance that can’t be broken down into two or several simpler substances

A

Elements

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9
Q

2 simple rules in denoting nuclear reactions:

A
  1. The total number of protons plus neutrons (mass number) should be equal in the products and reactants
  2. The total number of nuclear charges should be equal in products and reactants.
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10
Q

how are nuclear reactions presented?

A

A+B → C+D

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11
Q

is the splitting of an atom into two or more smaller ones.

A

Fission Reaction

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12
Q

occurs when an unstable nucleus is bombarded by particles to produce fission products, more neutrons, and a large amount of energy.

A

Fission Reaction

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13
Q

the fusing of two or more smaller atoms into a larger one.

A

Fusion Reaction

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14
Q

Occurs when several nuclei combine to form a new product. This process also yields a large amount of energy.

A

Fusion Reaction

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15
Q

the phenomenon of the spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei to atomic nuclei to form more energetically stable atomic nuclei.

A

radioactivity

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16
Q

the act of emitting radiation spontaneously.

A

radioactivity

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17
Q

the sum of an element’s protons and neutrons.

A

Atomic Mass (A)

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18
Q

the number of protons that an element has

A

Atomic Number (Z)

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19
Q

A text of letters and numbers representing an element, along with its corresponding atomic mass and atomic number

A

Atomic Symbol

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20
Q

processes in which a nucleus either combines with another nucleus or splits into smaller nuclei.

A

NUCLEAR REACTION

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21
Q

Involves radioactivity

A

Nuclear Reaction

22
Q

the emission of energetic particles of an atom

A

Radioactivity

23
Q

Common Types of Nuclear Reaction

A

Alpha Decay
Beta Decay
Gamma Radiation

24
Q

A particle with two protons and two neutrons is emitted resulting to a lighter new element

A

Alpha Decay / Alpha Emission

25
Q

A neutron becomes a proton, and an electron will be ejected resulting to a new element with the same mass

A

Beta decay / Beta Emission (β)

26
Q

Gamma ray will be emitted when a radioactive nuclide leaves a nucleus in an excited state.

A
  • Gamma Radiation (γ) / Gamma Emission
27
Q

The best-supported theory of our universe’s origin

A

Big Bang Theory

28
Q

born of the observation that other galaxies are moving away from our own at great speed in all directions as if they had all been propelled by an ancient explosive force

A

Big Bang Theory

29
Q

According to this model, the universe emerged from a singularity or an infinitely small point of extremely high temperature and density, which then rapidly expanded in all directions.

A

Big Bang Theory

30
Q

explains how the elements were initially formed which involved nuclear reactions such as, fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.

A

Big Bang Theory

31
Q

offered the explanation or the theory that the universe is expanding (Big Bang) in 1900s.

A

Edwin Hubble

32
Q

when did Edwin Hubble first introduced the Big Bang Theory

A

1900s

33
Q

The two synthesis of elements

A

primordial nucleosynthesis/Big Bang nucleosynthesis
the stellar nucleosynthesis

34
Q

began approximately 1 second into the Big Bang and lasts for about 3 minutes.

A

Primordial nucleosynthesis / Big Bang nucleosynthesis

35
Q

this cosmic stage / synthesis of element focused primarily on the expansion and cooling of the universe so as to the synthesis of the first three elements.

A

Primordial nucleosynthesis / Big Bang nucleosynthesis

36
Q

It is the process of element production during the early phases of the universe, shortly after the Big Bang.

A

Primordial nucleosynthesis / Big Bang nucleosynthesis

37
Q

How did nuclear reactions form elements (during the Big Bang?)

A

through the collision of protons and neutrons.

38
Q

what happened in the first three minutes of the Big Bang?

A

the expansion and cooling of the universe to produce the first three elements of the periodic table of elements.

39
Q

what are the first three elements made in the first three minutes of the big bang?

A

hydrogen, helium, and lithium

40
Q

one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses and physical properties.

A

Isotope

41
Q

How many isotopes can a chemical element have?

A

many

42
Q

what are the three isotopes of Hydrogen?

A

deuterium, tritium, helium.

43
Q

3 cosmic stages

A
  1. The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
  2. Stellar formation and Evolution
  3. Stellar explosions or supernova
44
Q

What elements were formed during the The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis?

A

the light elements - Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium

45
Q

What elements were formed during the Stellar formation and Evolution?

A

heavier elements - Beryllium and Iron

46
Q

What elements were formed during the Stellar explosions or supernova?

A

formed the elements heavier than Fe (Iron)

47
Q

theory states that stars are formed when a dense region of molecular cloud collapses.

A

Star Formation Theory

48
Q

During this process, fragments of clouds contract and form a stellar core known as protostar.

A

Star Formation Theory

49
Q

fragments of clouds contract and form a stellar core

A

Protostar

50
Q

heavier elements are created in different types of stars as they die or explode and the abundance of these elements change as the stars evolve.

A

Stellar nucleosynthesis

51
Q

a process in which heavier elements such as Beryllium (4Be) and Iron (26Fe) were formed by combining protons and neutrons from the nuclei of a lighter elements.

A

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

52
Q

where nucleus combines with another nucleus which involves emission of energetic particles of an atom, known as radioactivity.

A

Nuclear Fusion

Physical Science (6 decks)

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