Prelims

Question 1

object that has both mass and volume

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

smallest unit of matter; the building block of all material things/matter.

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Parts of an atom

Answer 3

Proton, Neutron & Electrons

Question 4

positive charge

Answer 4

proton

Question 5

neutral / no charge

Answer 5

Neutron

Question 6

negative charge

Answer 6

Electron

Question 7

negative charge

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

any substance that can’t be broken down into two or several simpler substances

Answer 8

Elements

Question 9

2 simple rules in denoting nuclear reactions:

Answer 9

1. The total number of protons plus neutrons (mass number) should be equal in the products and reactants
2. The total number of nuclear charges should be equal in products and reactants.

Question 10

how are nuclear reactions presented?

Answer 10

A+B → C+D

Question 11

is the splitting of an atom into two or more smaller ones.

Answer 11

Fission Reaction

Question 12

occurs when an unstable nucleus is bombarded by particles to produce fission products, more neutrons, and a large amount of energy.

Answer 12

Fission Reaction

Question 13

the fusing of two or more smaller atoms into a larger one.

Answer 13

Fusion Reaction

Question 14

Occurs when several nuclei combine to form a new product. This process also yields a large amount of energy.

Answer 14

Fusion Reaction

Question 15

the phenomenon of the spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei to atomic nuclei to form more energetically stable atomic nuclei.

Answer 15

radioactivity

Question 16

the act of emitting radiation spontaneously.

Answer 16

radioactivity

Question 17

the sum of an element’s protons and neutrons.

Answer 17

Atomic Mass (A)

Question 18

the number of protons that an element has

Answer 18

Atomic Number (Z)

Question 19

A text of letters and numbers representing an element, along with its corresponding atomic mass and atomic number

Answer 19

Atomic Symbol

Question 20

processes in which a nucleus either combines with another nucleus or splits into smaller nuclei.

Answer 20

NUCLEAR REACTION

Question 21

Involves radioactivity

Answer 21

Nuclear Reaction

Question 22

the emission of energetic particles of an atom

Answer 22

Radioactivity

Question 23

Common Types of Nuclear Reaction

Answer 23

Alpha Decay
Beta Decay
Gamma Radiation

Question 24

A particle with two protons and two neutrons is emitted resulting to a lighter new element

Answer 24

Alpha Decay / Alpha Emission

Question 25

A neutron becomes a proton, and an electron will be ejected resulting to a new element with the same mass

Answer 25

Beta decay / Beta Emission (β)

Question 26

Gamma ray will be emitted when a radioactive nuclide leaves a nucleus in an excited state.

Answer 26

* Gamma Radiation (γ) / Gamma Emission

Question 27

The best-supported theory of our universe's origin

Answer 27

Big Bang Theory

Question 28

born of the observation that other galaxies are moving away from our own at great speed in all directions as if they had all been propelled by an ancient explosive force

Answer 28

Big Bang Theory

Question 29

According to this model, the universe emerged from a singularity or an infinitely small point of extremely high temperature and density, which then rapidly expanded in all directions.

Answer 29

Big Bang Theory

Question 30

explains how the elements were initially formed which involved nuclear reactions such as, fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.

Answer 30

Big Bang Theory

Question 31

offered the explanation or the theory that the universe is expanding (Big Bang) in 1900s.

Answer 31

Edwin Hubble

Question 32

when did Edwin Hubble first introduced the Big Bang Theory

Answer 32

1900s

Question 33

The two synthesis of elements

Answer 33

primordial nucleosynthesis/Big Bang nucleosynthesis the stellar nucleosynthesis

Question 34

began approximately 1 second into the Big Bang and lasts for about 3 minutes.

Answer 34

Primordial nucleosynthesis / Big Bang nucleosynthesis

Question 35

this cosmic stage / synthesis of element focused primarily on the expansion and cooling of the universe so as to the synthesis of the first three elements.

Answer 35

Primordial nucleosynthesis / Big Bang nucleosynthesis

Question 36

It is the process of element production during the early phases of the universe, shortly after the Big Bang.

Answer 36

Primordial nucleosynthesis / Big Bang nucleosynthesis

Question 37

How did nuclear reactions form elements (during the Big Bang?)

Answer 37

through the collision of protons and neutrons.

Question 38

what happened in the first three minutes of the Big Bang?

Answer 38

the expansion and cooling of the universe to produce the first three elements of the periodic table of elements.

Question 39

what are the first three elements made in the first three minutes of the big bang?

Answer 39

hydrogen, helium, and lithium

Question 40

one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses and physical properties.

Answer 40

Isotope

Question 41

How many isotopes can a chemical element have?

Answer 41

many

Question 42

what are the three isotopes of Hydrogen?

Answer 42

deuterium, tritium, helium.

Question 43

3 cosmic stages

Answer 43

1. The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis 2. Stellar formation and Evolution 3. Stellar explosions or supernova

Question 44

What elements were formed during the The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis?

Answer 44

the light elements - Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium

Question 45

What elements were formed during the Stellar formation and Evolution?

Answer 45

heavier elements - Beryllium and Iron

Question 46

What elements were formed during the Stellar explosions or supernova?

Answer 46

formed the elements heavier than Fe (Iron)

Question 47

theory states that stars are formed when a dense region of molecular cloud collapses.

Answer 47

Star Formation Theory

Question 48

During this process, fragments of clouds contract and form a stellar core known as protostar.

Answer 48

Star Formation Theory

Question 49

fragments of clouds contract and form a stellar core

Answer 49

Protostar

Question 50

heavier elements are created in different types of stars as they die or explode and the abundance of these elements change as the stars evolve.

Answer 50

Stellar nucleosynthesis

Question 51

a process in which heavier elements such as Beryllium (4Be) and Iron (26Fe) were formed by combining protons and neutrons from the nuclei of a lighter elements.

Answer 51

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Question 52

where nucleus combines with another nucleus which involves emission of energetic particles of an atom, known as radioactivity.

Answer 52

Nuclear Fusion