Pre-Final SET B Flashcards
study of motion
Mechanics
A body in vertical motion where only gravity is acting on it.
Free Fall
It could be an object thrown upward (positive initial velocity), thrown downward (negative initial velocity), or dropped (zero initial velocity).
Free Fall
object thrown upward
Positive Initial Velocity
object is thrown downward
Negative Initial Velocity
when an object is dropped
Zero Initial Velocity
What are the two Aristotelian Motion?
Natural and Violent Motion
for Aristotle, objects that are not in their “natural place” moves so they can go back to their rightful place
Natural Motion
a body will move and will return to its natural state based on the body’s nature and composition.
Natural Motion
He also theorized that this motion is proportional to the object’s weight.
Natural Motion / Aristotelian Motion
He believed that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. What motion is this?
Natural Motion / Aristotelian Motion
The type of motion when a force is applied to an object to make it move. This can be a “push” or “pull”
Violent Motion
This motion is not result for the objects nature, but rather by external forces acting on it.
Violent Motion
a body moving in this motion needs an external force for it to move.
Violent Motion
He believed that heavier objects fall faster than lighter one.
Aristotelian Motion
He believed that objects will continue
undergoing violent motion for as long as
there are external forces that act on it.
Aristotelian Motion
What is the only exception of Aristotle’s violent motion?
Celestial objects — whose natural state is always moving in a circular motion at a uniform speed
Perfect non-Earth substances
Quintessence
The motion when an object is moving in projectile motion
Impetus
what keeps an object moving while seeking its “natural place”?
Impetus
When the object is released, the initial force exerted to make an object move transfers to the medium that surrounds the object.
Impetus
It is the force that makes an object move
Impetus
The force that continues to push the projectile
Impetus
What happens in the concept of impetus?
- The rate at which the object will move depends on the amount of impetus imparted.
- This impetus becomes weak as it resists the medium through which the object moves.
A body or a particle in two-dimensional motion given an initial velocity and it moves along a curved path under the influence of gravity alone
Projectile
What are the concepts under Aristotelian Motion?
- Natural Motion
- Violent Motion
- Impetus
- Projectile
His views of motion are supported by experimental evidence.
Galilean Motion
Galileo believed that an object’s rate of fall is primarily influenced by what?
Gravity and Air Resistance
His concept on motion is that external forces must act on an object at rest to make it move or an object in motion to make it stop moving.
Galileo
He believed that objects in motion will keep on moving without the aid of an external force unless an opposite force acts to stop its movement.
Galileo
What happens in the absence of air resistance?
two objects of varying masses would fall at the same rate.
What did Galileo introduce?
Friction
A contact force between a surface and an object that always acts opposite to the direction of an object’s movement, causing it to slow down with time.
Friction
What happens in friction?
Rougher surfaces tend to exert more friction than smoother surfaces
How did Galileo prove that objects will stay in motion without an external force unless an opposite force acts to stop it?
He rolled a ball on an inclined plane
What happens when a body is moving down an inclined plane?
its acceleration increases the same value after every second.
What happens when the inclined plane is positioned vertically?
The maximum acceleration of a body is attained as if the body is falling.
What happens when the ball is moving upward on the inclined plane?
the speed or acceleration of the ball decreases
What are the other conclusions by Galileo on his thought experiments?
- bodies fall with constant acceleration on the surface
- gravity pulling all bodies downward is a constant force
- force is not necessary to sustain horizontal motion.
What are the concepts of motion by Galileo?
- Friction
- Free Fall
- Intertia
- Projectile Motion
was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author
Isaac Newton
widely recognized as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all time and among the most influential scientists
Isaac Newton
a push or pull exerted by an object on another.
Force
the amount of matter that is contained in the object.
Mass
an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity.
Weight
the universal force of attraction acting between all matter.
Gravity
the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
Friction
How to get Weight?
w = m x g
where
w - weight
m - mass
g - gravity
What is the first law of motion?
Law of Inertia
What is the Law of Inertia?
an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What happens when object is acted upon by balance force?
it stays at rest
What happens when object is acted upon by unbalanced forces?
the object changes speed and direction.
With the Law of Inertia, why is a passenger thrown forward when a car brakes quickly?
because inertia (the tendency to remain unchanged) tries to keep the passenger moving
With the Law of Inertia, what are the forces that reduced the speed of a car?
friction and drag
What is the second Law of Motion?
Law of Acceleration
What is the Law of Acceleration?
“the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on the object.”
What is acceleration?
- directly proportional to the net force acting on it
- inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
What is acceleration dependent on?
- net force
- mass.
Where is the direction of the acceleration?
it is in the direction of the net force acting on the object.
What is the formula for accelation?
a = Fnet/m
or
a= F/m
What is the SI Unit of Force?
Newton
what is 1 Newton equals to?
1 kg · m/s²
what is the SI unit of acceleration?
m/s²
What is the third law of motion?
Law of Interaction
What is the Law of interaction?
“for every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction.”
what is the pair that always goes with the Law of Interaction?
action and reaction forces
or
the action-reaction pair
