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Physical Science > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a pure substance that is made up of only one atom

A

Elements

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2
Q

what are elements?

A

a pure substance that is made up of only one atom

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3
Q

basic unit of matter

A

atom

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4
Q

what is an atom?

A

basic unit of matter

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5
Q

made up of subatomic particles - the proton, neutron and electron

A

atoms

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6
Q

what are atoms made up?

A

subatomic particles - the proton, neutron and electron

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7
Q

A substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds.

A

Compounds

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8
Q

What are compounds?

A

A substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds.

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9
Q

Formalism in which the valence electrons of an atom are represented as dots.

A

Lewis Symbol

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10
Q

What is the Lewis Symbol?

A

Formalism in which the valence electrons of an atom are represented as dots.

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11
Q

The electrons of atoms that participate in the formation of chemical bonds

A

Valence Electron

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12
Q

What are valence electron?

A

The electrons of atoms that participate in the formation of chemical bonds

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13
Q

A lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical

A

Chemical Bond

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14
Q

What is a Chemical Bond?

A

A lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical

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15
Q

A chemical bond where two atoms share valence electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electronic configuration.

A

Covalent Bond

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16
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond where two atoms share valence electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electronic configuration.

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17
Q

is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

A

Molecule

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18
Q

What is a molecule?

A

an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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19
Q

What two factors determine the polarity of molecules?

A
  1. the polarity of bonds based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms involved
  2. the geometrical shape of the molecules which can be predicted via Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
20
Q

a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule.

A

Lewis Structure

21
Q

What is the Lewis Structure?

A

a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule.

22
Q

What does the Lewis Structure show?

A

how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.

23
Q

How are Electrons shown in the Lewis Structure?

A

they are shown as “dots” or for bonding electrons as a line between the two atoms.

24
Q

Formalism is used to show the structure of a molecule or compound, in which shared electron pairs between atoms are indicated by dashes.

A

Lewis Structure

25
Q

What must also be shown in the Lewis Structure?

A

Non-bonding, lone pairs

26
Q

Atoms try to achieve the electronic configuration of the noble gas nearest to them in the periodic table by achieving a full valence level with eight electrons.

A

Octet Rule

27
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms try to achieve the electronic configuration of the noble gas nearest to them in the periodic table by achieving a full valence level with eight electrons.

28
Q

What are the Molecular Shapes?

A
  • Trigonal Pyramidal
  • Bent / Angular
  • Tetrahedral
  • Linear
29
Q

a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself.

A

Electronegativity

30
Q

What is Electronegativity?

A

a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself.

31
Q

are those that possess regions of positive and negative charge. Water is an example of a polar material.

A

Polar Molecules

32
Q

what are Polar Molecules?

A

are those that possess regions of positive and negative charge. Water is an example of a polar material.

33
Q

are those that do not possess regions of positive and negative charge.

A

Nonpolar Molecules

34
Q

What are nonpolar molecules?

A

are those that do not possess regions of positive and negative charge.

35
Q

The absolute value of the difference in electronegativities of two bonded atoms provides a measure of the polarity of a bond.

A

Electronegativity Differences

36
Q

What are Electronegativity Differences?

A

The absolute value of the difference in electronegativities of two bonded atoms provides a measure of the polarity of a bond.

37
Q

provides a measure of the polarity of a bond.

A

Electronegativity Differences

38
Q

Important note about electronegativity differences?

A

The greater the difference, the more polar the bond

39
Q

What are the Types of Bonds and their Electronegativity Difference?

A

Ionic - greater than 1.7
Polar Covalent - 0.5 to 1.6
Nonpolar Covalent - less than 0.4

40
Q

result when polar bonds are arranged in a nonsymmetrical molecular geometry.

A

Polar Molecules

41
Q

How does Polar Molecules happen?

A

it is a result of polar bonds that are arranged in a nonsymmetrical molecular geometry.

42
Q

A molecule with two poles is called

A

Dipole

43
Q

A molecule with two poles is called?

A

Dipole

44
Q

What is a dipole?

A

A molecule with two poles

45
Q

results from the unequal distribution of electron density throughout a molecule.

A

Molecular Dipole

46
Q

What is a molecular dipole?

A

results from the unequal distribution of electron density throughout a molecule.

Physical Science (6 decks)

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