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Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

is part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum,

A

Light

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2
Q

A form of energy

A

Light

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3
Q

usually considered to be the visible part of the spectrum;

A

Light

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4
Q

How is light defined in physics?

A

all portions of the electromagnetic scale including invisible forms such as infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, radio waves, and more.

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5
Q

What are the properties of Light?

A
  1. Reflection
  2. Refraction
  3. Transmission
  4. Absorption
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6
Q

Refers to the bouncing of light wave off the boundary

A

Reflection

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7
Q

is the bending of light.

A

Refraction

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8
Q

It is an attraction between the molecules of the medium and the particles of light which contribute to the change of speed and direction as the particles of the light travel inside the medium

A

Refraction

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9
Q

The change in the direction of a wave when it passes from one medium to another.

A

Refraction

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10
Q

the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent

A

Refraction

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11
Q

Where does Refraction happen?

A

in sound, water and other waves

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12
Q

Refers to the process where light passes through an object or medium without being absorbed.

A

Transmission

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13
Q

How does absorption happen?

A

When light waves strike an atom that has similar frequency, electrons will absorb the energy and will be set into vibration. absorbed.

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14
Q

Atoms contain electrons that can vibrate at certain frequencies.

A

Absorption

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15
Q

What happens when light passes through, and the objects can be seen clearly

A

Transparent

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16
Q

What happens when some light passes through, slowed down, scattered, or sometimes blocked? Objects appear colored or blurry

A

Translucent

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17
Q

What happens when light is blocked, either reflected or absorbed? Object is blocked and shadow is cast

A

Opaque

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18
Q

What are the two nature of light?

A
  • Particle
  • Wave
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19
Q

Who proposed the wave theory of light?

A

Christian Huygens

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20
Q

describes each point on a wave behaves as a point source for waves in the direction of wave motion.

A

Huygens’ Principle

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21
Q

What assumptions did Christian Huygens make for his Wave Theory of Light?

A
  1. Light propagates as a wave.
  2. A source of light emits the waves which travel in a straight line with uniform speed through homogenous medium.
  3. Light travels through luminiferous aether- once believed to be the rigid medium which filled the void of the universe and at which light could travel as a wave.
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22
Q

How does Light propagate or produce?

A

As a wave

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23
Q

How does a source of light emit the waves?

A

Through homogenous medium

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24
Q

How does a source of light travel?

A

in a straight line with uniform speed

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25
Q

Where does light travel through according to the Wave Theory of Light?

A

luminiferous aether-

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26
Q

once believed to be the rigid medium which filled the void of the universe and at which light could travel as a wave.

A

luminiferous aether

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27
Q

Who were the two scientists that proposed different light theories?

A
  • Isaac Newton
  • Christian Huygens
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28
Q

Who proposed the Wave theory of Light

A

Dutch scientist Christian Huygens

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29
Q

Who proposed the Corpuscular Theory of Light

A

Isaac Newton

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30
Q

According to this theory, light consists of tiny particles or corpuscles coming from a luminous object.

A

Corpuscular Theory of Light by Isaac Newton

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31
Q

is the capability of a light ray to be refracted.

A

Refrangibility

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32
Q

a disturbance that travels through a medium or a vacuum and carries energy.

A

Wave

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33
Q

What does sound, light, and the motion of particles exhibit?

A

Wavelike properties

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34
Q

A wave in which the direction of energy transfer is perpendicular to the vibration of particles.

A

Transverse Waves

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35
Q

A wave in which the direction of energy transfer or wave motion is parallel to the particle motion.

A

Longitudinal Waves

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36
Q

the distance between two identical points on a wave.

A

Wavelength

37
Q

the number of vibrations completed in one second,

A

Frequency

38
Q

How is frequency measured?

A

hertz (Hz)

39
Q

are important
characteristics of an
electromagnetic wave.

A
  • Wavelengths
  • Frequency
40
Q

If the wavelength is short, what should the frequency be?

A

High

41
Q

If the wavelength is long, what should the frequency be?

A

Low

42
Q

What is Electromagnetic (EM) consisted of?

A

both electric and magnetic field waves

43
Q

do not require a medium to travel.

A

Electromagnetic (EM)

44
Q

Who calculated that speed of the EM waves in a vacuum is approximately 3 × 10^8 m/s which is the same as the speed of light?

A

James Clerk Maxwell

45
Q

What is the relationship between the Frequency of an EM wave and energy?

A

Directly Proportional:

The greater the frequency, the greater the energy is.

46
Q

What is the relationship between the Frequency and Wavelength?

A

Inversely Proportional:

  • The higher the frequency, the short the wavelength
  • The lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength
47
Q

What is the relationship between the energy of an EM wave to its wavelength?

A

Inversely Proportional

48
Q

is the continuous range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of frequency or wavelength

A

electromagnetic (EM) spectrum

49
Q

What are the different types of Radiation?

A
  • Radio
  • Microwave
  • Infrared
  • Visible
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-ray
  • Gamma ray
50
Q

What is the wavelength of a Radio?

A

10³

51
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of Radio?

A

Buildings

52
Q

What is the frequency of Radio?

A

10⁴

53
Q

What is the frequency of Humans?

A

10⁸

54
Q

What is the wavelength of a Microwave?

A

10⁻²

55
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of a Microwave?

A

Butterflies

56
Q

What is the wavelength of an Infrared?

A

10⁻⁵

57
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of a Infrared?

A

Needlepoint

58
Q

What is the frequency (Hz) of infrared?

A

10¹²

59
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of an Infrared?

A

Needlepoint

60
Q

What is the approximate scale of the wavelength of a Visible

A

Protozoans

61
Q

What is the wavelength of an Visible?

A

0.5 x 10⁻⁶

62
Q

What is the frequency (Hz) of Ultraviolet?

A

10¹⁵

63
Q

What is the wavelength of an Ultraviolet?

A

10⁻⁸

64
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of an ultraviolet?

A

Molecules

65
Q

What is the frequency (Hz) of infrared?

A
65
Q

What is the frequency (Hz) of Ultraviolet?

A

10¹⁶

66
Q

What is the wavelength of an X-ray?

A

10⁻¹⁰

67
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of an X-ray?

A

Atoms

68
Q

What is the frequency (Hz) of X-ray?

A

10¹⁸

69
Q

What is the wavelength of a Gamma Ray?

A

10⁻¹²

70
Q

What is the approximate scale of wavelength of Gamma Ray?

A

Atomic Nuclei

71
Q

What is the frequency (Hz) of Gamma Ray?

A

10²⁰

72
Q

Splitting of white light into seven constituent colors when passed through the prism.

A

Dispersion

73
Q

An example of this light formation is a rainbow.

A

Dispersion

74
Q

an optical element which is transparent with flat, polished surfaces that refract light.

A

Prism

75
Q

the process where light rays deviate from its path due to non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass.

A

Scattering

76
Q

It is the reason why the sky is blue

A

Scattering

77
Q

What are the non-uniformities in Scattering?

A

dust particles, gas molecules, droplets, etc.

78
Q

Why is the sky blue?

A
  • Sunlight reaches Earth’s atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and particles in the air.
  • Blue light is scattered more that’s why the sky appears blue during the day.
  • When the Sun is low in the sky during sunrise and sunset, the light travels further through the Earth’s atmosphere. We don’t see the blue light because it gets scattered away, but the red light isn’t scattered very much – so the sky appears red.
79
Q

a phenomenon that occurs when two light waves meet while traveling along with the same medium.

A

Interference

80
Q

What is an example of an interference?

A

when you drop two rocks at different points in water

81
Q

What are the two types of Interference?

A
  • Constructive Interference
  • Destructive Interference
82
Q

When waves combine to produce a wave with an amplitude higher than that of the original.

A

Constructive Interference

83
Q

Crest-to-crest or trough-to-trough reinforcement.

A

Constructive Interference

84
Q

occurs when two interfering waves are with opposite displacements.

A

Destructive Interference

85
Q

For example, a crest meets with a trough.

A

Destructive Interference

86
Q

a process in which a light ray travels through an obstacle or around a barrier and it spreads out as a result.

A

Diffraction

87
Q

Example of this is the silver lining in clouds

A

Diffraction

Physical Science (6 decks)

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