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from book Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of motion

A

Mechanics

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2
Q

What are two types of Motion according to Aristotle?

A

Natural and Violent Motion

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3
Q

the motion caused by the inherent characteristics of an object (ex. composition of the object)

A

Natural Motion

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4
Q

for Aristotle, objects that are not in their “natural place” moves so they can go back to their rightful place

A

Natural Motion

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5
Q

He also theorized that this motion is proportional to the object’s weight.

A

Natural Motion

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6
Q

He believed that heavier objects fall fasten than lighter ones. What motion is this?

A

Aristotle — Natural Motion

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7
Q

The type of motion when a force is applied to an object to make it move. This can be a “push” or “pull”

A

Violent Motion

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8
Q

This motion is not result for the objects nature, but rather by external forces acting on it.

A

Violent Motion

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9
Q

This motion will only continue undergoing motion for as long as there are external forces that act on it.

A

Violent Motion

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10
Q

What is the only exception of Aristotle’s violent motion?

A

Celestial objects — whose natural state is always moving in a circular motion at a uniform speed

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11
Q

The motion when an object id moving in projectile motion

A

Impetus

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12
Q

When the object is released, the initial force exerted to make an object move transfers to the medium that surrounds the object.

A

Impetus

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13
Q

The force that continues to push the projectile

A

Impetus

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14
Q

What was Aristotle’s concept of motion based on?

A

Purely logical conjecture

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15
Q

What was Galileo’s concept of motion based on?

A

Experiments

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16
Q

He is known for demolishing the geocentric model of the universe, and his ideas and experiment on motion that served as the basis for later scientists such as Isaac Newton who went on developing modern mechanics.

A

Galileo

17
Q

His concept on motion is that external forces must act on an object at rest to make it move or an object in motion to make it stop moving.

A

Galileo

18
Q

Who experimented on surfaces of various smoothness?

A

Galileo

19
Q

A contact force between a surface and an object that always acts opposite to the directon of an object’s movement, causing it to slow down with time.

A

Friction

20
Q

What happens in friction?

A

Rougher surfaces tend to to exert more friction than smoother surfaces

21
Q

He believed that objects in motion will keep on moving without the aid of an external force unless an opposite force acts to stop its movement

A

Galileo

22
Q

How did Galileo prove that objects will stay in motion without an external force unless an opposite force acts to stop it?

A

He rolled a ball on an inclined plane

23
Q

What did Galileo observe when he rolled the ball on an inclined plane?

A
  • The speed of the ball always increases as it slides downward
  • The ball’s speed decreases as it moves upward
  • On flat slope, the ball’s speed was constant
24
Q

Tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion

A

Inertia

25
Q

Who made his experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa

A

Galileo

26
Q

He argued that this small difference is due to air resistance.

A

Galileo

27
Q

All bodies fall at the same rate independent of their masses.

A

Galileo

28
Q

Natural vs Violent

Heavier objects fall faster than the lighter objects

A

Natural

29
Q

Natural vs Violent Motion

The laws that govern the motion of celestial objects differ from those on Earth

A

Natural

30
Q

Natural vs Violent Motion

Objects on Earth will continue undergoing this motion as long as there are external forces that act on it.

A

Violent

31
Q

A force that allows projectiles to continue moving through air

A

Impetus

32
Q

Rougher surfaces tend to slow down moving objects more noticeably than smoother surfaces

A

Friction

33
Q

All the objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass

A

Free Fall

34
Q

A projectile moves at a constant horizontal velocity regardless of its original height

A

Projectile Motion

35
Q

What are concepts of motion by Aristotle

A
  • Natural Motion
  • Violent Motion
    (Impetus)
36
Q

What are the concepts of motion by Galileo?

A
  • Friction
  • Free Fall
  • Intertia
  • Projectile Motion
37
Q

Perfect non-Earth substances

A

Quintessence

Physical Science (6 decks)

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