from book Flashcards
study of motion
Mechanics
What are two types of Motion according to Aristotle?
Natural and Violent Motion
the motion caused by the inherent characteristics of an object (ex. composition of the object)
Natural Motion
for Aristotle, objects that are not in their “natural place” moves so they can go back to their rightful place
Natural Motion
He also theorized that this motion is proportional to the object’s weight.
Natural Motion
He believed that heavier objects fall fasten than lighter ones. What motion is this?
Aristotle — Natural Motion
The type of motion when a force is applied to an object to make it move. This can be a “push” or “pull”
Violent Motion
This motion is not result for the objects nature, but rather by external forces acting on it.
Violent Motion
This motion will only continue undergoing motion for as long as there are external forces that act on it.
Violent Motion
What is the only exception of Aristotle’s violent motion?
Celestial objects — whose natural state is always moving in a circular motion at a uniform speed
The motion when an object id moving in projectile motion
Impetus
When the object is released, the initial force exerted to make an object move transfers to the medium that surrounds the object.
Impetus
The force that continues to push the projectile
Impetus
What was Aristotle’s concept of motion based on?
Purely logical conjecture
What was Galileo’s concept of motion based on?
Experiments
He is known for demolishing the geocentric model of the universe, and his ideas and experiment on motion that served as the basis for later scientists such as Isaac Newton who went on developing modern mechanics.
Galileo
His concept on motion is that external forces must act on an object at rest to make it move or an object in motion to make it stop moving.
Galileo
Who experimented on surfaces of various smoothness?
Galileo
A contact force between a surface and an object that always acts opposite to the directon of an object’s movement, causing it to slow down with time.
Friction
What happens in friction?
Rougher surfaces tend to to exert more friction than smoother surfaces
He believed that objects in motion will keep on moving without the aid of an external force unless an opposite force acts to stop its movement
Galileo
How did Galileo prove that objects will stay in motion without an external force unless an opposite force acts to stop it?
He rolled a ball on an inclined plane
What did Galileo observe when he rolled the ball on an inclined plane?
- The speed of the ball always increases as it slides downward
- The ball’s speed decreases as it moves upward
- On flat slope, the ball’s speed was constant
Tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion
Inertia
Who made his experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa
Galileo
He argued that this small difference is due to air resistance.
Galileo
All bodies fall at the same rate independent of their masses.
Galileo
Natural vs Violent
Heavier objects fall faster than the lighter objects
Natural
Natural vs Violent Motion
The laws that govern the motion of celestial objects differ from those on Earth
Natural
Natural vs Violent Motion
Objects on Earth will continue undergoing this motion as long as there are external forces that act on it.
Violent
A force that allows projectiles to continue moving through air
Impetus
Rougher surfaces tend to slow down moving objects more noticeably than smoother surfaces
Friction
All the objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass
Free Fall
A projectile moves at a constant horizontal velocity regardless of its original height
Projectile Motion
What are concepts of motion by Aristotle
- Natural Motion
- Violent Motion
(Impetus)
What are the concepts of motion by Galileo?
- Friction
- Free Fall
- Intertia
- Projectile Motion
Perfect non-Earth substances
Quintessence
