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Biology 1010 > Preliminaries- Unit 1 > Flashcards

Preliminaries- Unit 1 Flashcards

Preliminaries

1
Q

Biology

A

Systematic Study of Life

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2
Q

Emergent Property

A

Unpredictable sum of the lower levels. Product doesn’t appear in the bases

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3
Q

Organization level of life

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Organ System
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4
Q

Molecule

A

Atoms joined with chemical bonds

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5
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of Life

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Organized cells that preform a function

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7
Q

Organ

A

Interacting Tissues

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8
Q

Organ System

A

Interacting organs that keep cells functioning

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9
Q

Organization level of organisms

A
  1. Populations
  2. Community
  3. Ecosystem
  4. Biosphere
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10
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of same species at same time

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11
Q

Community

A

All populations of all species at the same time

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12
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community interacts with an abiotic environment

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13
Q

Biosphere

A

All Earth’s regions containing life (only small crust portion)

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14
Q

Life’s Unity Principles

A
  1. All organisms require energy and recycle materials
  2. Organisms sense and respond to change
  3. Organisms use DNA information to function and reproduce
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15
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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16
Q

Nutrients

A

Substance needed for growth and survival that an organism can’t self reproduce

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17
Q

Producers

A

Get energy by creating it themselves (photosynthesis and chemosynthesis)

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18
Q

Consumers

A

Eat organisms waste or remains

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19
Q

Energy circle

A

Producers harvest energy, get’s into the leaves. Consumers eat the nutrients and decompose back to the producer.
Energy flows one way and all the materials recycle

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

keeping conditions in internal environment within a range that cells can tolerate (shiver and sweat)

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21
Q

DNA’s purpose

A

Guide all metabolic activities- growth, development, and reproduction

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22
Q

Inheritance

A

Passage of DNA from parents

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23
Q

Biodiversity

A

variation among living organisms

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24
Q

Bacteria

A

Single cell, DNA not in the nucleus

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24
Q

Bacterium

A

Singular bacteria that’s part of a large group of single-cells

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25
Q

Eukaryote

A

Single or multi-celled, DNA in nucleus. (Not all contain nucleus but all do characteristically)

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26
Q

Archaean’s

A

Single celled, DNA not in nucleus. Resemble bacteria but actually closer to a Eukaryote

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26
Q

Nucleus

A

Double-membraned sac that usually holds DNA

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27
Q

Plants

A

Type of Eukaryote- Photosynthetic producer

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27
Q

Fungi

A

Type of Eukaryote- decomposers

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27
Q

Protist

A

Simple Eukaryote, everything from amoebas to kelp

28
Q

Animals

A

Eukaryote- Consumers

29
Q

Taxonomy order

A

1-Genus 2-Specific Epithet

30
Q

Genus

A

Group that all share traits

31
Q

Specific Epithet

A

Differentiate from other species in genus

32
Q

A way to sort all species into groups

A

Linnean taxonomy

33
Q

Taxonomy

A

naming and classifying

34
Q

Taxon/Taxa

A

Group with a common ancestor or relatedness

35
Q

Species

A

Snapshot of organisms life at 1 moment in time

36
Q

3 Domain Classification System

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

37
Q

6 Kingdom Classification System

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals

38
Q

Species similarities

A

Morphological, Physiological, Behavioral

39
Q

Morphological

A

Shape, size, color (structure)

40
Q

Physiological

A

Biochemical make up (function)

41
Q

Behavioral

A

How they act

42
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

Since some species are hard to distinguish off of looks, we watch who breeds with who

43
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Judge info on quality and assess claims before accepting them

44
Q

Science

A

Systematic study of observable world. By presenting and rejecting hypothesis

45
Q

Make and Test Falsifiable Predictions

A

Observe, inductive reasoning to form hypothesis, use deductive reasoning if what’ll happen if hypothesis is NOT wrong

46
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon. (some aren’t testable now so save for later)

47
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Making conclusions based on observation
Observe, generalize, Theory

48
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Use general idea to draw conclusions of a specific case
Theory, Prediction, Experiment

49
Q

Prediction

A

Statement based on if hypothesis is right

50
Q

Experiment

A

Test to support of falsify a prediction

51
Q

Model

A

Replication of investigated system to test ideas

52
Q

Experimental Group

A

Group exposed to independent variable

53
Q

Control Group

A

Group not exposed to independent variables

54
Q

What if hypothesis is wrong

A

Discard entirely or alter it

55
Q

Scientific Method

A

Form, test, evaluate hypothesis

56
Q

Form hypothesis

A

Observe aspect of nature

57
Q

Test Hypothesis

A

think of explanation for observation

58
Q

Evaluate Hypothesis

A

Analyze results of rest and make conclusions

59
Q

Variable

A

Characteristics that differ among individuals

60
Q

Independent Variable

A

Controlled by Experimenter

61
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable affected by independent variable

62
Q

Why do we design experiments

A

To minimize bias

63
Q

Sampling Error

A

Difference of true population and inaccurate testing population. Small sample size will cause a large error because the group tested will not resemble whole group

64
Q

Probability

A

Chance an outcome will occur, probability rules allow for us to find statistical significance

65
Q

Statistically Significant

A

Result is unlikely to come from chance

66
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Experimenters risk interpreting what they want or expect to find

67
Q

Experiment should attempt to find

A

Data that can be measured to answer cause and effect relationships

68
Q

Science concerns…

A

Only testable ideas, opinions don’t matter, it allows us to be objective

69
Q

Science assumes…

A

All claims are false, even theories and laws are subject to revision and rejection

70
Q

Theory

A

Long-standing hypothesis useful to make predictions

71
Q

Law of Nature

A

Something that always without fail will occur but we have no explanation as to why

Biology 1010 (11 decks)

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