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G12 [1st Sem] > [Prelim] Xy Physics > Flashcards

[Prelim] Xy Physics Flashcards

1
Q
  • An experimental science
  • Experiments require measurements, and we generally use numbers to describe the results of measurements
A

Physics

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2
Q
  • Has both a number and unit
  • Ex. 3 feet, 45 minutes, 25 degrees celsius, 1 liter, and 115 pounds
A

Measurement

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3
Q
  • Any number that is used to describe a physical phenomenon quantitatively
  • Ex. weight and height
A

Physical Quantity

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4
Q
  • Define them only by describing how to measure them
  • Ex. measuring a distance using a ruler and measuring a time interval using a stopwatch
A

Operational Definition

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5
Q

-Do not depend upon any other quantity
-only three fundamental quantities were considered: length, mass, and time. With the development of science four more physical quantities were added: temperature, electric current, luminous intensity, and amount of a substance

A

Fundamental (or base) Quantities

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6
Q

Quantities that are derived from the fundamental quantities like speed, acceleration, density, force, and momentum

A

Derived Quantities

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7
Q
  • Defined as distance covered over time
  • based on length and time
A

Speed

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8
Q
  • Defined as mass per unit volume
  • Based on mass and length
A

Density

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9
Q

Defined as mass times acceleration

A

Force

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10
Q

When we measure a quantity, we always compare it with a reference standard

A

Standard

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11
Q
  • The known quantity which is used in measurement
  • Ex. meter is a unit of distance, and seconds is a unit of time
A

Unit

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12
Q

Foot length, cubit, handspan, arm span, etc.

A

Informal system of measurement

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13
Q

Standardized across the world

A

System of measurement

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14
Q
  • The preferred method of measurement in physics
  • Has a base unit for every measurement
A

Metric System

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15
Q

The US follows the imperial system of units, also called the U.S customary units

A

BRITISH IMPERIAL SYSTEM / IMPERIAL SYSTEM

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16
Q

Inch, feet, yards, and miles

A

Length

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17
Q

Ounces (H o2), cups, pints, quarts, and gallons

A

Volume

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18
Q

Ounces (o2), pounds (lb), and tons (ton)

A

Mass

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19
Q

Measured in seconds

A

Time and date

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20
Q
  • The distance between two points
  • The SI unit for length is meter (m)
A

Length or Distance

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21
Q

Like a ruler, except it is 1 meter long

A

Meter stick

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22
Q

To measure long distances

A

Trundle wheel

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23
Q

For measuring distances that would be hard to measure using a meterstick or trundle wheel

A

Tape measure

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24
Q

Defined as a measuring device that is used for the measurement of linear dimensions

A

Vernier Caliper

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25
Q
  • The period between events or how long it lasted
  • SI unit is seconds
  • Hours, days, months, and years
A

Time

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26
Q
  • The amount of matter in a liquid, solid, or gas.
  • SI unit for mass is gram (g)
A

Mass

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27
Q

Just put the object on the pan and read the mass

A

ELECTRONIC BALANCE

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28
Q

This compares the weight of objects in pans on each side of a balance

A

Double pan balance

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29
Q

Works like a double pan balance but instead of having a pan on each side of the balance, there is a pan on one side and three beams each with sliding weights

A

Triple beam balance

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30
Q
  • The force exerted by a mass
  • SI unit for force is Newtons (N)
A

Weight

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31
Q

The amount of space something occupies

A

Volume

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32
Q

A cylinder marked on the outside to indicate how much fluid it contains

A

Graduated cylinder

33
Q

To figure out the volume of a rectangular

A

Volume of solids

34
Q

The best way to measure the volume of an irregular solid is to place it in water and find the volume of water it displaces

A

Volume of irregular solids

35
Q
  • How hot or cold something is
  • SI unit for temperature is kelvin (K)
A

Temperature

36
Q

Used to measure temperature

A

Thermometer

37
Q

The measure of how close the measured value is to the actual value of the quantity

A

Accuracy

38
Q

Refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other

A

Precision

39
Q
  • The difference between a measured quantity and its true value
  • Includes random error and systematic error
A

Measurement Error (observational error)

40
Q

Caused by a mis-calibrated instrument that affects all measurements

A

Systematic Error

41
Q

Naturally occurring errors that are to be expected with any experiments

A

Random error

42
Q

The difference between a measured value and a known value expressed as a percentage

A

Percent error

43
Q

Known to be true and can be found in a standard reference

A

Accepted value

44
Q

The value that you actually measured

A

Experimental Value

45
Q

estimates how repeated measurements taken on the same instrument are estimated around the true score

A

STANDARD ERROR OF MEASUREMENT (SEM)

46
Q

a measure of the variability of a distribution of repeated scores or measurements

A

COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION (CV)

47
Q

gives an estimate of the interval where a proportion of the differences lie between measurements

A

LIMITS OF AGREEMENT (LOA)

48
Q
  • Called the error
  • Indicates the maximum difference there is likely to be between the measured
    value and the true value
  • Uncertainty is indicated by significant figures in the measured value
A

UNCERTAINTY

49
Q
  • Numbers reported in a measurement
  • All of the known figures plus one estimated digit
A

Significant Figures

50
Q
  • The number that provides the most exact measurement possible
  • Ex. in a thermometer, it appears that the lines are set to be 2 digits apart. The
    temperature can be read between 138 and 140 degrees. Because you can’t be sure of the exact temperature, you will need to estimate the answer to 139 degrees.
A

Significant Digit

51
Q

A rough guess of the measurement using observation and reasoning

A

Estimation

52
Q

Picking the closest number to the specified place value based on the accuracy of
the equipment

A

Rounding

53
Q

The total number of significant figures in the final reported value can be no more than the significant figures in the least accurate measurement. In other words, the calculated answer can be no more accurate than the measurement made by the least accurate piece of lab equipment.

A

Different Accuracies

54
Q

A mathematical method used to convert actual measured units into the units needed for the answer to a problem

A

Dimensional Analysis

55
Q

The relationship between the two units

A

Conversion Factors

56
Q

A conversion factor

A

Ratio

57
Q

Physical Quantities:

A

-Fundamental (or base) Quantities
-Derived Quantities

58
Q

Fundamental Quantities:

A

-Length
-Mass
-Time
-Temperature
-Electric Current
-Luminous intensity
-Amount of substance

59
Q

Derived Quantities:

A

Speed
Density
Force

60
Q

Informal System of mesurement:

A

-handspan
-cubit
-armspan
-pace
-footspan

61
Q

System of measurement:

A

-British (imperial) system or imperial system
-Metric or international system (SI)

62
Q

British imperial system:

A

-length
-volume
-mass
-time and date

63
Q

Types of measurement:

A

-length or distance
-time
-mass
-weight

64
Q

Measurement for length or distance:

A

Meterstick
trundle wheel
tape measure
vernier caliper

65
Q

Measurement for mass:

A

-electronic balance
-double pan balance
-triple beam balance

66
Q

measurement for volume:

A

-graduated cylinder
-volume of solids
-volume of irregular solids

67
Q

measurement for temperature:

A

Thermometer

68
Q

Measurement error:

A

random error
systematic error

69
Q

Percent error:

A

Accepted value
experimental value

70
Q

Statistical procedures to assess measurement error:

A

-Standard error of measurement (SEM)
-Coefficient of variation (CV)
-Limits of agreement (LOA)

71
Q

SI unit of length (distance)

A

meter (m)

72
Q

SI unit of mass

A

gram (g)

73
Q

SI unit of weight (or force)

A

newton (N)

74
Q

SI unit of volume (capacity)

A

liter (L) or cubic meter (m3)

75
Q

SI unit of temperature

A

kelvin (k)

76
Q

SI unit of time

A

seconds (s)

77
Q

SI unit of pressure

A

Newtons per square (N/m2) (pascal)

78
Q

SI unit of electric current

A

Ampere (A)

79
Q

SI unit of amount of substrate

A

Mole (mol)

G12 [1st Sem] (13 decks)

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