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G12 [1st Sem] > [Prelim] Chemistry > Flashcards

[Prelim] Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q
  • Is anything that occupies space and has mass.
  • Everything around us is made up of_______.
  • is composed of tiny particlescalled atoms which consist of even smaller subatomic particles such as electrons,protons, and neutrons.
  • Can be in the form of solid,liquid, or gas.
A

Matter

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2
Q

States of Matter:

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
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3
Q

Properties of Matter:

A
  • Intensive Properties
  • Extensive Properties
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4
Q

Intensive Properties:

A
  • Boiling Point
  • Color
  • Temperature
  • Luster
  • Hardness
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5
Q

Extensive Properties:

A
  • Volume
  • Mass
  • Size
  • Weight
  • Length
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6
Q

Physical Properties:

A
  • Luster
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Brittleness
  • Density
  • Color
  • Odor
  • Taste
  • Hardness
  • Melting Point
  • Boiling Point
  • Solubility
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7
Q

Pure Substances:

A
  • Elements
  • Compounds
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8
Q

Elements:

A
  • Metals
  • Nonmetals
  • Metalloids
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9
Q

Mixtures:

A
  • Homogenous
  • Heterogenous
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10
Q

-Have a definite volume and maintain a definite shape.

-There is a strong force of attraction between particles and little free space between them making these particles closely packed together and rigid.

A

Solids

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11
Q

Particles in solid tend to ________ and have fixed positions. They cannot move much because they are very close toone another and have __________.

A

Vibrate slowly, Low kinetic Energy

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12
Q
  • ________ also have a definite volume, butdo not have a definite shape. They take the shape of their container.
A

Liquids

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13
Q
  • The particles in a _______ are not asclosely held together as in solids.
A

Liquid

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14
Q

*Liquid particles have ___________ than those solids, which is why they can move past each other.

A

More kinetic Energy

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15
Q

The movement of the particles causes liquids to _____.

A

Flow

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16
Q
  • ________ have no definite volume and nodefinite shape. - Like liquids, they also take the shape oftheir container.
A

Gases

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17
Q
  • The force acting on the particles of agas is weak, which is why they tend to move _____ each other freely.
A

Past

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18
Q
  • The particles in a gas have a ________ and have a lot of space between them, making the gas flow.
A

high kinetic energy

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19
Q
  • All matter can be described through their________ and ________ properties.
A

-Physical
-Chemical

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20
Q
  • The ______________ of matter are perceived by the senses. Theycan be observed, measured, and tested without changing the composition ofmatter.
A

Physical Properties

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21
Q
  • Color, odor, taste, hardness, meltingpoint, and boiling point are some examples of ___________.
A

Physical Properties.

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22
Q

*The physical properties of matter can either be ________ or _________.

A

extensive or intensive

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23
Q
  • Are properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present or being measured.

-If the amount of matter is changed, the property will remain the same.

A

Intensive properties

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24
Q

Color, hardness, and boiling point aresome examples of ____________.

A

intensive properties

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25
Q

____________ areproperties that depend on the amount of matter present or being tested. *If there is a change in the amount ofmatter, these properties change, too.

A

Extensive properties

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26
Q

*Some examples of ___________ arevolume, mass, length, and shape.

A

extensive properties

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27
Q

_____ ,such as red, blue, and yellow, is perceived in the light receptors of the eyes,as they interact with the different spectra of light.

A

Color

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28
Q

_____ is the perceived smell of an object, identified by the olfactory receptors of humans and animals.

A

Odor

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29
Q

______ is the sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness, and umami flavor of food.

A

Taste

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30
Q

__________ refers to the ability of a material to resist scratching.

A

Hardness

31
Q

Is the temperature where solid changes to liquid.

A

Melting Point

32
Q

Is the temperature where liquid changes to gas.

A

Boiling Point

33
Q

is the property of a substance to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gas.

A

Solubility

34
Q

is a property of a material that pertains to the interaction on the surface of metals.

A

Luster

35
Q

is the ability of a metal to be hammered or shaped into thin sheets without breaking of cracking.

A

Malleability

36
Q

_______ is the ability of a metal to be drawn into thin wires. Metals are ductile because the atoms of metals can move past each other without breaking the metallic bond, which retains its structure.

A

Ductility

37
Q

is the tendency of a material to break even when a small amount of force is applied.

A

Brittleness

38
Q

is defined as the mass of an object per unit volume.

A

Density

39
Q

Are properties involved in the transformation of substances into other materials which possess a completely different structure and composition from the original.

A

chemical properties

40
Q

Is the ability of matter to burn.

A

Flammability

41
Q

is the ability of matter to chemically combine with another.

A

Reactivity

42
Q

Contains only one kind of element or compound. It has a constant composition and cannot be separated by physical means.

A

Pure Substances

43
Q

Pure substances can be classified into ________ and __________.

A
  • Elements
  • Compounds
44
Q

________ are substances composed only of only one kind of atom.

A

Elements

45
Q

Elements can be classified into _______,________, or __________.

A
  • Metals
  • Nonmetals
  • Metalloids
46
Q

_______ constitute the greatest number of elements in the periodic table.

A

Metals

47
Q

lack the characteristics of metals

A

Nonmetals

48
Q

are dull in appearance

A

Nonmetals

49
Q

are brittle

A

Nonmetals

50
Q

Are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

A

Nonmetals

51
Q

Have low densities.

A

Nonmetals

52
Q

Are lustrous

A

Metals

53
Q

Melleable and ductile

A

Metals

54
Q

Are good conductors

A

Metals

55
Q

Are solid

A

Metals

56
Q

Are hard

A

Metals

57
Q

Have high densities

A

Metals

58
Q

Are elements which have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

A

Metalloids

59
Q

Are substances composed of two or more kinds of atoms that are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.

A

Compounds

60
Q

Are made up of two or more substances which are mixed together but not chemically combined.

A

Mixtures

61
Q

*Mixtures can be ___________ or ___________.

A
  • Homogenous
  • Heterogenous
62
Q

A mixture has only one phase and a uniform composition throughout.

A

Homogenous

63
Q

It is difficult to distinguish the components of a ___________ mixture.

A

Homogenous

64
Q

A mixture has two or more phases. Components of a heterogeneous mixture can be identified at times.

A

Heterogeneous

65
Q

Methods of Separating Mixtures:

A
  • Filtration
  • Sedimentation and Decantation
  • Sublimation
  • Evaporation
  • Distillation
  • Chromatography
66
Q
  • This method is used for mixtures
    of insoluble solid in a liquid.
  • Filtration requires a filtering medium like cheesecloth or filter paper.
  • The filter paper traps the insoluble solids while allowing the liquid to pass through.
  • This process is applicable for a mixture of sand in water.
A

Filtration

67
Q

The solid component that remained in the filtering medium is called the _____.

A

Residue

68
Q

The liquid collected is called the _______.

A

Filtrate

69
Q
  • ___________ allows heavier solid components to settle at the bottom.
  • When heavier components are finally settled, the liquid above is poured into another container, thus, the process of ____________.
A

Sedimentation and Decantation

70
Q
  • If a mixture involves a substance that can easily transform from a solid state to its gaseous state, sublimation is used.
  • Example: mixture of naphthalene and salt. Slight increase of heat makes naphthalene sublime, leaving salt.
A

Sublimation

71
Q
  • __________ is used for mixtures of soluble solids in liquids, such as table salt in water.
  • Water evaporates upon heating, leaving the salt crystals.
A

Evaporation

72
Q

This method is used for mixtures of two liquids with different boiling points through continuous evaporation and condensation processes.

A

Distillation

73
Q
  • This method is used to separate
    the components of inks.
  • Using a mobile phase and stationary phase, the components rise in different speeds on the paper through capillary action.
A

Chromatography

G12 [1st Sem] (13 decks)

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