PRELIM LEC: SAFETY IN CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY LABORATORY Flashcards
to ensure safe and healthful working conditions
for workers
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
nclude provisions for warning labels or other appropriate forms of warning alert all workers to potential hazards, suitable protective equipment, exposure control procedures, and implementation of training and education programs
The OSHA standards
OSHA mandated that all clinical laboratories must implement a chemical hygiene plan (CHP) and an exposure control plan
In 1991
a large regulatory agency and base in the US
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
Standard Precautions is now used encompasses Universal Precautions and Body
Safety Isolation
In 1996
Has power to inspect laboratories if the guidelines are followed
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
Set and reinforce standards by means of
providing training, education, and assistance
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
accessible to all of the employees
o Contains how to handle, store, and
dispose hazardous chemicals
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS:
Biologic Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Fire Hazards
Blood, urine, feces, spinal fluid, and all other body fluids present biologic safety hazards
BIOLOGIC HAZARD
Even there is no concrete evidence about sweat causing disease, still we must consider it biological hazardous
BIOLOGIC HAZARD
Probably cause the greatest concern of all hazards in hematology laboratory
BIOLOGIC HAZARD
All biologic specimens, regardless of source, should be considered biohazardous
BIOLOGIC HAZARD
The following general rules should be strictly
followed in the laboratory:
Gloves must be worn when handling
biological specimens
Areas or equipment used by personnel who
are not gloved should not be touched with
contaminated gloves
Wash hands immediately if they become
contaminated, with or without gloves on
o Most important in handwashing:
mechanical hand rubbing
Do not remove specimen tube stoppers until necessary
Mouth pipetting is strictly prohibited
Replace clay slabs for microhematocrit tube
sealing frequently
Decontaminate sedimentation tube racks
regularly
Unfixed or unstained slides should be
considered infectious
Do not handle needles
Obtain immediate treatment for accidental
and inappropriate contact with biohazards
Properly dispose of contaminated laboratory
supplies
Most important in handwashing:
mechanical hand rubbing
for sharps and needles
Red bag
infectious waste
Yellow bag/Chemical waste
non-infectious and dry
Black bag
non-infectious and wet
Green bag
radioactive materials
ORANGE
can kill Hepatitis B within 10 mins;
for HIV within 2 mins
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Solid, liquid, gaseous chemicals may be
hazardous if transported, handled, stored or
dispensed inappropriately
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Chemicals may have toxic, flammable, or
carcinogenic properties
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Never add water to concentrated acid
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Caused by inappropriate use or maintenance
of electrical instruments or equipment that
can cause electrical shock, burn or a fire or
explosion
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Proper equipment maintenance is mandatory
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electrical equipment should never be operated with wet hands
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
May result from the improper use or storage
of either cryogenic substances or substances capable of combustion
FIRE HAZARDS
Prevention is the easiest way to deal fire hazard
FIRE HAZARDS
TYPE A COMMON COMBYSTIBLES
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
WOOD, PAPER, CLOTH ETC.
TYPE B FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND GASSES
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
GASOLINE, PROPANE AND SOLVENTS
TYPE C LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
COMPUTERS, FAX, MACHINES
TYPE D COMBUSTIBLE METALS
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
MAGNESIUM, LITHIUM, TITANIUM
RED
NFPA DIAMOND HAZARD SYMBOL
FIRE HAZARD
TYPE K COOKING MEDIA
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
COOKING OILS AND FATS
BLUE
NFPA DIAMOND HAZARD SYMBOL
HEALTH HAZARD
YELLOW
NFPA DIAMOND HAZARD SYMBOL
REACTIVITY HAZARD
WHITE
NFPA DIAMOND HAZARD SYMBOL
specific hazard (acidity, alkali, oxidizer)
reactivity
0 - Stable
1 - Unstable if heated
2 - Violent chemical change
3 - Shock andheat may detonate
4 - May detonate
Health Hazard
0 - Normal material
1 - Slightly hazardous
2 - Hazardous
3 - Extreme danger
4 - Deadly
Fire Hazard
0 - will not burn
1 - above 200 F
2 - Will burn above 100 F, not exceeding 200 F
3 - Will burn below 100 F
4 - Will burn below 73 F
Class A Fires
Type of Extinguisher
Pressurized water
Dry chemicals
Specific Hazard
Alk - alkaline
Acid - acidic
Cor - corrosive
Oxy - oxidizing
W - water
P - polymerization
Class B Fires
Type of Extinguisher
Dry chemical
Carbon dioxide
Class D Fires
Type of Extinguisher
Metal X
Class C Fires
Type of Extinguisher
Carbon dioxide
Halon
Dry chemicals
DEGREE OF HAZARD
4: Extreme Hazard
3: Serious Hazard
2: Moderate Hazard
1: Slight Hazard
0: No or minimal hazard
May result from improper use, storage, or
disposal of glassware, sharp instruments,
compressed gases, or equipment
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Use caution to prevent unnecessary or accidental breakage of glass wares
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Sharps and broken glasses should be
disposed of in puncture-proof containers to
avoid injury
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Use your common sense
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
