ENHANCEMENT CLASS LAB: EVACUATED TUBES AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR Flashcards
Drawing blood from the circulatory system through an incision
PHLEBOTOMY
○ To obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis
○ To monitor levels of blood components
○ To treat blood-related disorders
PHLEBOTOMY
○ To obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis
○ To monitor levels of blood components
○ To treat blood-related disorders
PHLEBOTOMY
METHODS OF PHLEBOTOMY
● Syringe
● ETS
- Allow multiple tube collection
- Pressure plays the role of blood drawing
- No air contaminant
- Less possibility of contamination
ETS
The bigger the gauge, the smaller the needle/bore
Needle gauge
14 gauge color
olive
15 gauge color
amber
16 gauge color
gray
18 gauge color
green
20 gauge color
pink
21 gauge color
purple
22 gauge color
blue
23 gauge color
orange
25 gauge color
red
27 gauge color
white
Culture
Yellow (5) SPS
PT, APTT, INS
Light blue (3-4)
Chemistry, Serology
Gold/Tiger (5)
Red plastic inversion
5
Red glass inversion
none
Clinical Chemistry, Hematology
Orange (5-6)
Heparin
Green (8-10)
Plasma Separator Tube
Light green (8-10)
(K3 - liquid, glass/ K2 -plastic) Blood banking, Blood donation
EDTA (8-10)
PPT separator tube, PCR,
Molecular testing
Pearl/White (8-10)
Fluoride, POtassium oxalate,
sodium chloride
Gray (8-10)
Proper labelling:
name, age sex, time, date,
phlebotomist’s initials
● Thin layer of blood smeared on a glassmicroscopic slides and then stain
● Conjunction with CBC, to provide inexpensive but reliable and investigation to a variety of hematological disease
PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR (FILM)
PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR (FILM)
● Used for
○ Morphological evaluation of RBC,
WBC, Platelets, and the younger counterparts
○ WBC differential Count
○ Platelete estimate
RBC morphological abnormalities
Elliptocyte / Ovalocyte
Spherocyte
Stomatocyte
Schistocyte/Schizocyte
Teardrop cell / Darcocyte
Sickle cell
Echnicocyte / Burr Cell
Acanthocyte / Spurr cell
Target cell / Codocyte
Elliptical (cigar-shaped), oval (egg-
shaped) RBC
Elliptocyte / Ovalocyte
RBC with slit-like area of central pallor
Stomatocyte
Small, round, dense RBC with no
central pallor
Spherocyte
Fragmented RBC caused by rupture in the peripheral circulation
Schistocyte/Schizocyte
RBC with a single pointed extension
resembling a teardrop or pear
Teardrop cell / Darcocyte
Thin, dense, elongated RBC pointed at each end; may be curved
Sickle cell
RBC with blunt or pointed, short
projections that are usually evenly
spaced over the surface of cell; present in all fields of blood film but in variable numbers per field
Echnicocyte / Burr Cell
Small, dense RBC with few irregularly spaced projections of varying length
Acanthocyte / Spurr cell
RBC with hemoglobin concentrated in the center and around the periphery resembling a target
Target cell / Codocyte
SMEAR TECHNIQUE TYPES
Wedge or Two-slide method
Coverslip method
Automated method
Wedge or Two-slide method TYPES
- Push type
- Pull type (most common)
Coverslip method
bone marrow testing/aspirates
● 2-3mm in diameter
● 30-45 degree
● 3⁄4 across the width of the slide
Push-type wedge
● Anticoagulated blood
● Multiple slide can be made
● Smears should be made within 4 hours
ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA)
● Finger stick or heel stick blood
● Smears must be made immediately
● Remedy: use EDTA microcollect
CAPILLARY BLOOD (Fresh or Heparinized)
Wright stain
Hematology
Gram stain
Bacteriology
Size of blood
● Too large - Too thick
● Too small - Too thin
FACTORS IN BLOOD SMEAR
Size of blood
Angle
Speed
Pressure
Pressure
● Increased - Thin smear
● Decreased - Long smear
Angle
● High angle - Short smear
● Low angle - Long smear
Speed
● Fast - Short smear
● Slow - Long smear
Blood smear must be read in __________
monolayer part or c section
