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HEMATOLOGY > PRELIM LEC: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

PRELIM LEC: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Leeuwenhoek and others studied blood with the
aid of primitive microscope

A

17th century

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2
Q

Birth of science of studying blood/ birth of field of
hematology arises

A

17th century

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3
Q

Hematology is derived from the Greek words
haima meaning blood and logos meaning study or science

A

17th century

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4
Q

As a science, it has grown enormously in the last
70 years

A

17th century

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4
Q

His contribution to hematology is he
observed and discovered the 1st
RBC/erythrocyte

A

Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

Believed that the human body is made up of 4
elements: Fire, air, water & earth

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

It is the field of science that deals with the
study of blood, blood component and
blood related disorders

A

Hematology

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6
Q

Using a microscope: studied the plague of victims

A

Athanasius Kircher

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6
Q

First completed the description of the circulatory
system

A

William Harvey

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7
Q

o Described that blood or there are worms
in blood of plague patients but the plague
strikes in the summer of 1647or 1646 in
Rome

A

Athanasius Kircher

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8
Q

the plague is known to be the

A

black death /bubonic plague

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9
Q

Causative agent of Black death:

A

Yersinia pestis (gram-negative)

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10
Q

BLACK DEATH VECTOR:

A

Rat Flea (Xenopsella cheopsis)

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11
Q

BLACK DEATH CHARACTERISTIC PATTERN:

A

Stalactite pattern

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12
Q

the cell clamps forming the
stalactite pattern

A

Stalactite pattern

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13
Q

Yersinia pestis is the bipolar
bodies:

A

B – Burkholderia pseudomallei
A- Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans
Y – Yersinia pestis

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14
Q

both have
a cauliflower appearance if cultured

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis & Yersinia pestis

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15
Q

incubation period OF Yersinia pestis:

A

48 hrs

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16
Q

other species of Yersinia – causative agent of enterocolitis, often misdiagnosed as appendicitis because it has a charbay fever, diarrhea, and has right lower quadrant pain

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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17
Q

incubation period OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis:

A

4-8 months

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18
Q

Can also cause fatality which is the worst case
scenario of patients that has been transfused with contaminated blood with packed RBC

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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19
Q

1658:

A

Scrutinum P.M.

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20
Q

mother cell since this is where our WBC, RBC, megakaryocyte, leukocyte come from

A

Pluripotential stem cells

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20
Q

Pluripotential stem cells- mother cell since this is where our WBC, RBC, megakaryocyte, leukocyte come from

A

Jan Swammerdam

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21
Q

Discovered that RBCs are different from mother cells

A

Jan Swammerdam

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22
Q

that they have no nucleus and have a life span of 120 days

A

Marcello Malpighi

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23
Q

1666 – Pioneered the study of coagulation

A

Marcello Malpighi

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24
Q

1674 – first described the human erythrocyte and invented the 1st microscope

A

Antoine Philips Van Leeuwenhoek

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25
Q

father of microanatomical and physiology

A

Antoine Philips Van Leeuwenhoek

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26
Q

giardia lamblia in his stool

A

Antoine Philips Van Leeuwenhoek

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27
Q

1874- first described the complete classification of leukocytes

A

Gabriel Andral

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27
Q

1846 – first described the polymorphonuclear cell (more than one nucleus) from other cells

A

Wharton Jones

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28
Q

develop precursor of gram staining

A

Paul Ehrlich

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29
Q

1891 – found that certain mixtures of acidic and basic dyes produced better staining

A

Paul Ehrlich

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30
Q

german doctorbiologist

A

Paul Ehrlich

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30
Q

found cure of syphilis in 1909 and antiserum vepteria

A

Paul Ehrlich

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31
Q

1816-1895 – established that hemoglobin carried
oxygen

A

Karl Ludwig

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32
Q

1816-1895 – showed that carbon dioxide was
taken from tissues and released in the lungs

A

E.F. Pfluger

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33
Q

studies hemoglobin has oxygen

A

E.F. Pfluger

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34
Q

discover respiratory

A

E.F. Pfluger

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35
Q

Discovered the structure and function of hemoglobin

A

Max Perutz

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36
Q

Discovered Helicobacter pylori and the function of platelets

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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37
Q

It is a rapid urease producer

A

Helicobacter pylori

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37
Q

describe platelets as little plaques

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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38
Q

causative agent of Peptic ulcer:

A

Helicobacter pylori

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39
Q

Helicobacter pylori 2 types of diagnosis:

A

invasive (need to get G.I. biopsy/ stomach biopsy)
non-invasive (urea breath test)

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40
Q

Chief Pathologist in Pathology laboratory at the Massachusetts General Hospital

A

James Homer Wright

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40
Q

He described platelets as petechiae plates or tiny
plates

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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41
Q

Megakaryocyte origin of platelets

A

James Homer Wright

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42
Q

Platelets are not considered as true cell because they are only a fragment of the megakaryocyte

A

James Homer Wright

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43
Q

Modification of Romanowsky stain

A

1902

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43
Q

It is called Wright stain

A

Romanowsky stain

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44
Q

basic dye to stain nucleus because nucleus is acidic in nature

A

Methylene blue or Azer blue

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45
Q

combination of letters or words that are added in the front or back to form another word

A

Prefixes

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45
Q

will stain cytoplasm – acidic
pH

A

Eosin dye

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46
Q

a-/an-

A

Lack, without, absent, decrease

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47
Q

aniso-

A

Unequal, dissimilar

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48
Q

ante-

A

Before

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49
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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50
Q

Through

A

Dia-

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50
Q

Cell

A

Cyto-

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51
Q

Dys-

A

Abnormal, difficult, bad

52
Q

Erythron-

A

Red

53
Q

Hyper-

A

Above,beyond, extreme, increase

54
Q

Ferr-

A

Iron

55
Q

Hemo-

A

Pertaining to blood

56
Q

Hypo-

A

Beneath, under, deficient, decrease

57
Q

Iso-

A

Equal, alike,same

58
Q

Leuko-

A

White

59
Q

Mal-

A

Bad, abnormal

60
Q

Macro-

A

Large, long

61
Q

Meta-

A

After,next,change

62
Q

Mega-

A

Large, giant

63
Q

Mono-

A

One

64
Q

Morph-

A

Shape

65
Q

Myelo-

A

From bone marrow or spinal cord

66
Q

Pan-

A

All, overall,all-inclusive

67
Q

Phleb-

A

Vein

68
Q

Piokilo

A

Varied,irregular

68
Q

Phago-

A

Eat,ingest

69
Q

Schis-

A

split

70
Q

Spleen-

A

spleen

71
Q

Throm-

A

Clot,thrombus

72
Q

Xanth-

A

yellow

73
Q

-blast

A

Primitive

74
Q

-cyte

A

Cell

75
Q

-ectomy

A

Excision,cut out

76
Q

-emia

A

Blood

77
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

78
Q

-lysis

A

Destruction,dissolving

79
Q

-(o)logy

A

Study of

80
Q

-oma

A

Swelling, tumor

81
Q

-opathy

A

disease

82
Q

-osis

A

State, condition, increase

83
Q

-penia

A

Decrease, lack of

84
Q

-phil (ic)

A

Attracted to, affinity for

85
Q

-plasia

A

Cell production, repair

86
Q

-poiesis

A

Cell production, formation,
development

87
Q

-poietin

A

Stimulates production

88
Q

-stasis

A

Same, standing still

89
Q

-trophy

A

Nourishment

90
Q

Is a nutritive fluid that participates in the
physiologic and pathologic activity of the body

A

BLOOD

91
Q

Travels away from the heart to the
different arteries of the body

A

Oxygenated blood

92
Q

Increase in concentration in oxygen that
will bind to oxygen forming a bright red
color of blood since it binds with
hemoglobin

A

Oxygenated blood

92
Q

Appears bright red oxygen cause
hemoglobin molecules turn from blue to
red

A

Oxygenated blood

93
Q

Oxygen + hemoglobin =

A

oxyhemoglobin
(bright red color of blood)

94
Q

Travels back to the heart to be
resupplied with oxygen

A

Deoxygenated blood

95
Q

Appears very dark red because so many of
the hemoglobin molecules have turn blue
again

A

Deoxygenated blood

96
Q

_______ accounts for 90% of it is composed of
water and 10% solutes

A

Plasma

97
Q

are where nutrients are found
such as proteins, fibrinogen, globulin,
albumin, lipids, carbohydrates, hormones,
enzymes

A

Solutes

98
Q

Have a major role for a person to survive

A

BLOOD

99
Q

FUNCTION OF BLOOD

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Nutrition
  3. Excretion
  4. buffer
  5. protection
100
Q

Blood will go through kidney then excrete waste or unwanted nutrients out of the body to be excreted as urine

A

excretion

101
Q

also plays a role in removing waste such as ammonia

A

liver

102
Q

Maintain normal pH

A

blood as buffer

103
Q

Normal pH of blood:

A

7.35-7.45

103
Q

If decrease, pH will become

A

acidic

104
Q

If increase, pH will become

A

basic

105
Q

1.

needs CO2 and H20

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

106
Q

BLOOD COMPONETS:

A
  1. Plasma (55%)
  2. Buffy coat (<1%)
  3. Formed elements (45%)
107
Q

Upper layer

A

Plasma (55%)

108
Q

Liquid matrix of the anticoagulated blood wherein fibrinogen is present

A

Plasma (55%)

109
Q

It has a higher volume compared to serum because of the clotting in the serum

A

Plasma (55%)

110
Q

is the liquid portion of the coagulated blood

A

serum

111
Q

_____ that are in the serum is consumed by fibrinogen during clotting

A

Protein

112
Q

Water (90%), solutes (8%)

A

Plasma (55%)

113
Q

Accounts for 45% of centrifuged whole blood

A

Formed elements (45%)

114
Q
  • Contains, RBC,WBC & platelets
A

Formed elements (45%)

115
Q

<5L

A

Hypovolemia

116
Q

If hemorrhagic:

Hypovolemia

A

caused by the decrease of blood cell, possible trauma/ injury/ blood loss could be the cause

116
Q

Decrease volume of blood

A

Hypovolemia

117
Q

Non-hemorrhagic:

Hypovolemia

A

fluid loss, excessive
sweating, dehydration

118
Q

increase in cardiac output

A

Tachycardia

118
Q

Hypovolemia can results in:

A

Tachycardia/ Bradycardia

118
Q

Small amounts of nutrients that will give to other organ

A

Hypovolemia

118
Q

In this case, always note the cause whether
hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic in origin

A

Hypovolemia

119
Q

slow pumping of heart

A

Bradycardia

120
Q

Strain on heart because of the weight and may
possibly lead to enlargement of heart

A

Hypervolemia

120
Q

Increase volume of blood

A

Hypervolemia

121
Q

Hypervolemia worse case:

A

death (cardiac arrest)

121
Q

Hypervolemia cause:

A

IV transfusion, blood transfusion

122
Q

is the result of backflow of
blood in lungs

Hypervolemia

A

Pulmonary edema

123
Q

> 7L

A

hypervolemia

124
Q

5-7L

A

normovolemia

125
Q

Have the mechanism to increase or decrease blood in the circulation

A

BLOOD VESSELS

126
Q

increase and decrease in blood how they do it?

A

through vasoconstriction and vasodilation

127
Q

It narrows the diameter of blood vessels

A

Vasoconstriction

127
Q

thick walled, strongest, branches out to smaller arterioles (bright red)

A

Arteries

127
Q

Increase pressure and can have hypertension

A

Vasoconstriction

128
Q

It enlarges the diameter of blood vessels

A

Vasodilation

129
Q

has pressure

A

Arteries

130
Q

carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries
to heart, not as thick, muscular, elastic as arteries; have valves that allow blood flow in only one direction (dark red/ dark bluish red)

A

Veins

131
Q

smallest, thin-walled, connect
smallest arterioles with smallest venules

A

Capillaries

HEMATOLOGY (7 decks)

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