Prelim Flashcards
Western Blotting
Separated proteins from gel transferred to solid medium which can then be identified using specific antibodies that have reporter enzymes attached.
What factors can affect the set of proteins expressed by a given cell type?
- Metabolic activity of cell (changes with age, dormancy state etc.)
- Cellular stress (depends on extremes of temperature, pH, toxin exposure etc.)
- Response to signalling molecules such as hormones
- State of health or disease
Examples of non-coding RNA genes
Those that are transcribed to produce tRNA, rRNA and other RNA molecules that control expression of protein coding genes.
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolases that digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.
What is synthesised in the ER?
Lipids and proteins
Tertiary Structure
Tertiary structure is the folding of the polypeptide, stabilised by interactions between R groups such as LDFs, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, disulfide bridges and ionic bonds.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Forms a network of membrane tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane.
What increases the total membrane area in eukaryotes?
System of internal membranes
Phosphorylation Cascades
Allow more than one intracellular signalling pathway to be activated.
Action Potential
Wave of electrical excitation along a neuron’s plasma membrane
Why do target cells only respond to a specific receptor?
Only target cells have receptor molecules for the signalling molecule.
Rods
Function in dim light but don’t allow colour perception.
Cones
Only function in bright light and are responsible for colour perception.
Relative intracellular and extracellular charge
Negative inside, positive outside
Cytoskeleton
Gives mechanical support and shape to cells.
