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AH Biology > 2.5 Parasitism > Flashcards

2.5 Parasitism Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecological Niche

A

A multi-dimensional summary of tolerances and requirements of a species

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2
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

Occupied in the absence of any interspecific competition

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3
Q

Realised Niche

A

Occupied in response to interspecific competition

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4
Q

Competitive Exclusion

A

Where the niches of two species are so similar that one declines to local extinction

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5
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Live on the surface of their hosts

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6
Q

Endoparasites

A

Live within the tissues of their hosts

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7
Q

Definitive Host

A

The organism on or in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity

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8
Q

Intermediate Host

A

May be required for the parasite to complete its life cycle

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9
Q

Vector

A

Plays an active role in the transmission of the parasite and may also be a host

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10
Q

What is Malaria caused by?

A

Plasmodium

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11
Q

What does Plasmodium cause?

A

Malaria

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12
Q

What is Schistosomiasis caused by?

A

Schistosomes

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13
Q

What do Schistosomes cause?

A

Schistosomiasis

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14
Q

Viruses

A

Parasites that can only replicate inside a host cell

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15
Q

Transmission

A

The spread of a parasite to a host

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16
Q

Virulence

A

The harm caused to a host by a parasite

17
Q

How are ectoparasites transmitted?

A

Direct contact

18
Q

How are endoparasites of body tissues transmitted?

A

By vectors or by consumption of intermediate hosts

19
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases

20
Q

Herd Immunity Threshold

A

The density of resistant hosts in the population required to prevent an epidemic

21
Q

RNA Retroviruses

A

Use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to form DNA, which is then inserted into the genome of the host cell. Viral genes can then be expressed to form new viral particles.

22
Q

Non-Specific Defences

A

Physical barriers, chemical secretions, inflammatory response, phagocytes and natural killer cells

23
Q

Phagocytes

A

Engulf pathogens into a vacuole and release powerful enzymes contained in lysosomes

24
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Can identify and attach to cells infected with viruses, releasing chemicals that lead to cell death by inducing apoptosis

25
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Possess a receptor that can recognise a specific parasite antigen. Binding selects that lymphocyte to divide and produce a clonal population of the lymphocyte

AH Biology (13 decks)

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