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AH Biology > 2.3 Variation and Sexual Reproduction > Flashcards

2.3 Variation and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Meiosis

A

The division of the nucleus that results in the formation of haploid gametes from a diploid gametocyte

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2
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

Pairs of chromosomes in a genome that are of the same size, same centromere position and with the same genes at the same loci.

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3
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

Species that have functioning male and female reproductive organs in each individual.

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4
Q

SRY Gene

A

Carried on Y chromosome and determines development of male characteristics.

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5
Q

Environmental Factor Affecting Sex and Sex Ratio

A

Temperature of Egg Incubation

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6
Q

X Chromosome Inactivation

A

One of the two X chromosomes present in each cell is randomly inactivated at an early stage of development, preventing possible production of a double dose of gene products.

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7
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Development of unfertilised eggs in animals. More common in cooler climates that are disadvantageous to parasites or in regions of low parasite density.

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8
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Involves the combining of genetic information from two individuals, usually a male and a female.

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9
Q

Costs of Sexual Reproduction

A
  • Males are unable to produce offspring
  • Possible disruption of successful parental genomes
  • Only half of each parent’s genome is passed to offspring
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10
Q

Benefits of Sexual Reproduction

A

Increase in genetic variation due to mixing of parental genomes

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11
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Involves the production of genetically identical offspring by a single parent

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12
Q

Vegetative Cloning

A

Development of unfertilised eggs in plants.

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13
Q

Examples of Asexual Reproduction

A

Parthenogenesis and Vegetative Cloning

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14
Q

Benefits of Asexual Reproduction

A

Successful and rapid reproductive strategy in narrow, stable niches or when recolonizing disturbed habitats.

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15
Q

Costs of Asexual Reproduction

A

Unable to easily adapt to changes in their habitat

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16
Q

Meiosis I

A

Involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes followed by their separation into two cells

17
Q

Meiosis II

A

Involves the separation of sister chromatids with each new chromosome being segregated into one of the four haploid cells produced.

AH Biology (13 decks)

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