Prelim Flashcards
Environmental Problems
● Global Warming
● Deforestation
● Acidification
● Overpopulation
● Pollution
one of the most discussed environmental issues of today
Global Warming
refers to an increase in the average global temperatures
Global Warming/Climate Change
excessive increase of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, contribute to it
Climate Change/Global Warming
refers to the cutting of trees for agricultural, industrial, housing, or human use
Deforestation
the rapid increase in sea level and ocean temperature are attributed to climate change and global warming because of the melting of sea-ice and land-based glaciers
Acidification
its effect on seawater according to experts on marine ecosystem, was credited to excessive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) component in the ocean
Acidification
partly caused by early marriages, lack of knowledge in birth control and family planning methods, and social pressures
Overpopulation
2 Types of Pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
refers to the contamination of the air in the atmosphere, which is primarily caused by harmful gases and toxins released from the smoke of the industrial factories and the combustion of fossils fuels from our private cars and vehicles, public transportation facilities, and agricultural machinery
Air Pollution
caused by oil spill, acid rain and other hazardous chemicals that mixed with water
Water Pollution
the belief that humans are the central and most significant species on the planet
Anthropocentrism
this view believes that humans are considered the primary cause that drives changes in the environment
Anthropocentrism
sees the natural world as being maintained by the interrelationship among living organisms and that every living thing on the planet is dependent on each for survival
Deep Ecology
this view regards human interference as a significant threat to the natural world and all living things
Deep Ecology
suggests that non-organic elements in the planet play a significant role in maintaining balance in the environment as they interact with living organisms to regulate the various system that enable life to continue thriving the Earth
Gaia Hypothesis
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, of the matter world of this planet earth as on date
Philosophy
the study & practice of being concerned with the nature of the human spirit or soul as opposed to matter world things
Spirituality
What is the first step in Spirituality?
Regulating or controlling the Mind
What is capable of getting connected to the inner world & beyond the Spirit?
Only an absolute still Mind over an extended period of time
the nature of the human person inevitably leads to a discussion on the nature of the human soul or spirit, the immortal, non-corporal essence of man
Spirit
believe that man is the only being with a soul
Major Monotheistic Religions such as Judaism, Islam, and Christianity
recognize that other living beings also possess souls
Other religions such as Jainism and Hinduism
believe that non-living things such as mountains and rivers also possess a soul
For animalistic religions such as Shintoism
also an essential element for salvation of humanity, as the departed spirits will be raised from the dead during the end times and shall receive the judgment of God
Spirit
a bond between you, a logic and something existing in explanations
Philosophy
a bond between you, conscience, and something beyond explanations
Spirituality
The link of the key words in Philosophy and Spirituality
● Logic
● Conscience
a reasoning conducted according to principles validated
Logic
the inner voice or a voice within which we might hear or go unnoticed
Conscience
a large groupings that shares the same geographical territory, shares a common culture and social structure, and expected to abide by the same laws
Society
Society is derived from the latin word what?
“socius”, which means companion or friendship
Primary Components of a Society
● Culture
● Social Structure
Things in the Society that influences a person
● Media
● Experience
● Prior Knowledge
● Friends
● Family
● Goals
● Interests
● Culture
● Abilities
● Mentors, Guides, Teachers
consider human relationships as a defining influence on human life
Existentialists
states that human relations shape knowledge and truth within a certain society
Constructivist Theory of Knowledge
argue that shared experience between persons can shape the perception of reality
Phenomenologists
the process by which an individual learns the prevailing behaviors, attitudes, and values within his or her society
Socialization
What are the major philosophical branches that devote much discussion on the concept of interpersonal relations?
Existentialism & Phenomenology
awareness of individuality
Self
defines interpersonal relations as the “self” being aware of the “other”
Existentialist Perspective
refers to objects outside of personal experience, while it is often used by most philosophers to refers to other individuals apart from him or her
“Other”
the shared awareness and understanding among people
Intersubjectivity
a social and political concept which has great significance in how people participate in society
Freedom
its concept emerged as an important philosophical issue in 18th century Europe during the age of Enlightenment
Freedom
believed that early man existed in a natural state and had absolute freedom
Enlightenment Thinkers
freedom of an individual from expression, compulsion, or coercion from other people, an authority figure, or from society itself
Freedom in a political and social context
Political Freedom consists of two types of liberties
● Positive Liberty
● Negative Liberty
refers to a person taking control of his or her own life and fulfilling one’s potential
Positive Liberty
freedom from external restraint, barriers, and other interference from other people
Negative Liberty
refers to the capacity of a person to act and exert control over her behavior
Human Agency
Two ways Human Freedom is expressed:
● Free Will
● Free Action
the capacity to choose from alternative courses of action or decision
Free Will
the freedom to perform an action without any obstacles or hindrances
Free Action
